Searching within the library
The search bar is located in the icon bar.
Screenshot of the search bar
To make the cursor jump to the search field, you can:
- Click in the search field.
- Press Ctrl + F.
At the right of the search text field, 2 buttons allow for selecting some settings:
- Regular expressions
- Case sensitivity
- Whether or not the search query is case sensitive.
In a normal search, the program searches your library for all occurrences of the words in your search string, once you entered it. Only entries containing all words will be considered matches. To search for sequences of words, enclose the sequences in double-quotes. For instance, the query progress "marine aquaculture" will match entries containing both the word "progress" and the phrase "marine aquaculture".
All entries that do not match are hidden, leaving for display the matching entries only.
To stop displaying the search results, just clear the search field, press Esc or click on the "Clear" (
X) button.Make sure that the button "regular expressions" is activated
In order to only search for content within specific fields and/or to include logical operators in the search expression, a special syntax is available in which these can be specified. Both the field specification and the search term support regular expressions.
To search for entries whose author contains miller, enter:
author = miller. The = sign is actually a shorthand for contains. Searching for an exact match is possible using matches or ==.If the search term contains spaces, enclose it in quotes. Do not use spaces in the field specification! E.g to search for entries with the title "image processing", type:
title = "image processing"To search for entries with the title or the keyword "image processing", type:
title|keywords = "image processing". To search for entries without the title or the keyword "image processing", type: title|keywords != "image processing" It is also possible to chain search expressions. In general, you can use and, or, not, and parentheses as intuitively expected:(author = miller or title|keywords = "image processing") and not author = brown and != author = blueLogical Operator / Symbol | Explanation |
|---|---|
XY | X followed by Y |
X|Y | Either X or Y |
(X) | X, as a capturing group |
!= | tests if the search term is not contained in the field (equivalent to not ... contains ...) |
The selection of field types to search (required, optional, all) is always overruled by the field specification in the search expression. If a field is not given, all fields are searched. For example,
video and year == 1932 will search for entries with any field containing video and the field year being exactly 1932.JabRef defines the following pseudo fields:
Pseudo field | Purpose | Example |
anyfield | Search in any field | anyfield contains fruit: search for entries having one of its fields containing the word fruit. This is identical to just writing apple. It may be more useful as anyfield matches apple, where one field must be exactly apple for a match. |
anykeyword | Search among the keywords | anykeyword matches apple: search for entries which have the word apple among its keywords. However, as this also matches pineapple, it may be more useful in searches of the type anykeyword matches apple, which will not match apples or pineapple |
key | Search for citation keys | citationkey == miller2005: search for an entry whose citation key is miller2005 |
entrytype | Search for entries of a certain type | entrytype = thesis: search entries whose type (as displayed in the entrytype column) contains the word thesis (which would be phdthesis and mastersthesis) |
Regular expressions (RegEx for short) define a language for representing patterns matching text, for example when searching. There are different types of RegEx languages. JabRef uses regular expressions as defined in Java. For extensive advanced information about Java's RegEx patterns, please have a look at the Java documentation and at the Java tutorial.
By default, regular expressions do not account for upper/lower casing. Hence, while the examples below are all in lower case, they match also upper- and mixed case strings.
If casing is important to your search, activate the case-sensitive button.
.means: any character+means: one or more times
author != .+ returns entries with empty or no author field.^means: the beginning of a line[a-zA-Z]means: a through z or A through Z, inclusive (range)$means: the end of a lineX{n}means: X, exactly n times
owner != ^[a-zA-Z]{3}$ returns empty and non-three-letter owners\bmeans: word boundary\Bmeans: not a word boundary
keywords = \buv\b matches uv but not lluvia (it does match uv-b however)author = \bblack\b matches black but neither blackwell nor blackerauthor == black does not match john black, but author = \bblack\b does.author = \bblack\B matches blackwell and blacker, but not black.?means: none or one copy of the preceding character.{n,m}means: at least n, but not more than m copies of the preceding character.[ ]defines a character class
title =neighbou?r matches neighbour and neighbor, and also neighbours and neighbors, and neighbouring and neighboring, etc.title = neighbou?rs?\b matches neighbour and neighbor, and also neighbours and neighbors, but neither neighbouring nor neighboring.author = s[aá]nchez matches sanchez and sánchez.abstract = model{1,2}ing matches modeling and modelling.abstract = modell?ing also matches modeling and modelling.year == 200[5-9]|201[0-1]specifies the range of years 2005-2011 (200[5-9] specifies years 2005-2009;| means "or"; 201[0-1] specifies years 2010-2011).author = (John|Doe)matches entries written by either John or Doe.author = (John|Doe).+(John|Doe)matches entries written by both John or Doe.If a special character (i.e.
( ) [ ] { } \ ^ - = $ ! | ? * + . ) is included in your search string, it has to be escaped with a backslash, such as \} for }.It means that to search for a string including a backslash, two consecutive backslashes (
\\) have to be used: abstract = xori{\\c{c}}o matches xoriço.The character
" has a special meaning: it is used to group words into phrases for exact matches. So, if you search for a string that includes a double quotation, the double quotation character has to be replaced with the hexadecimal character 22 in ASCII table \x22.Neither a simple backslash
\", nor a double backslash \\" will work as an escape for ". Neither author = {\"o}quist with regular expression disabled, nor author = \{\\\"O\}quist with regular expression enabled, will find anything, even if the name {\"o}quist exists in the library.Hence, to search for
{\"o}quist as an author, you must input author = \{\\\x22o\}quist, with regular expressions enabled (Note: the \, {, _ and the } are escaped with a backslash; see above).Quantifier | Explanation |
|---|---|
X? | X, once or not at all |
X* | X, zero or more times |
X+ | X, one or more times |
X{n} | X, exactly n times |
X{n,} | X, at least n times |
X{n,m} | X, at least n but not more than m times |
Quantifier | Explanation |
|---|---|
X?? | X, once or not at all |
X*? | X, zero or more times |
X+? | X, one or more times |
X{n}? | X, exactly n times |
X{n,}? | X, at least n times |
X{n,m}? | X, at least n but not more than m times |
Quantifier | Explanation |
|---|---|
X?+ | X, once or not at all |
X*+ | X, zero or more times |
X++ | X, one or more times |
X{n}+ | X, exactly n times |
X{n,}+ | X, at least n times |
X{n,m}+ | X, at least n but not more than m times |
Last modified 2mo ago