Stay on top of your literature: JabRef helps you to collect and organize sources, find the paper you need and discover the latest research.

Features

JabRef is a cross-platform application that works on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X. It is available free of charge and is actively developed. JabRef supports you in every step of your research work.

Collect

• Search across many online scientific catalogues like CiteSeer, CrossRef, Google Scholar, IEEEXplore, INSPIRE-HEP, Medline PubMed, MathSciNet, Springer, arXiv, and zbMATH

• Import options for over 15 reference formats

• Easily retrieve and link full-text articles

• Fetch complete bibliographic information based on ISBN, DOI, PubMed-ID and arXiv-ID

• Extract metadata from PDFs

• Import new references directly from the browser with one click using the for , , and

Organize

• Group your research into hierarchical collections and organize research items based on keywords/tags, search terms or your manual assignments

• Advanced search and filter features

• Complete and fix bibliographic data by comparing with curated online catalogues such as Google Scholar, Springer or MathSciNet

• Customizable citation key generator

• Customize and add new metadata fields or reference types

• Find and merge duplicates

• Attach related documents: 20 different kinds of documents supported out of the box, completely customizable and extendable

• Automatically rename and move associated documents according to customizable rules

• Keep track of what you read: ranking, priority, printed, quality-assured

Cite

• Native BibTeX and Biblatex support

• Cite-as-you-write functionality for external applications such as Emacs, Kile, LyX, Texmaker, TeXstudio, Vim and WinEdt.

• Format references in one of the many thousand built-in citation styles or create your style

• Support for Word and LibreOffice/OpenOffice for inserting and formatting citations

Share

• Many built-in export options or create your export format

• Library is saved as a simple text file and thus it is easy to share with others via Dropbox and is version-control friendly

• Work in a team: sync the contents of your library via a SQL database

The data format of JabRef is Bib(La)TeX

JabRef is is a program for working with BibTeX and biblatex databases. JabRef program uses no separate internal file format, but directly works with BibTeX and Biblatex. That means, your Bib(La)TeX file is kept as is when opening in JabRef and saving again: You normally load and save your databases directly in the Bib(La)TeX .bib format. In addition, you can also import and export bibliography libraries in a number of other formats into JabRef.

JabRef's main window

Most menu actions referred in the following have keyboard shortcuts, and many are available from the toolbar. The keyboard shortcuts are found in the pull-down menus.

This is the main window from where you work with your databases. Below the menubar and the toolbar is a tabbed pane containing a panel for each of your currently open databases. When you select one of these panels, a table appears, listing all the database's entries, as well as a configurable selection of their fields.

• You decide which fields are shown in the table by checking the fields you want to see in the Preferences dialog.

• Double-click a line of the table to edit the entry content. You can navigate the table with the arrow keys.

• The table is sorted according to a set of fields of your choosing. The default sort order can be set up in Preferences → Entry table, but to more quickly change the order, click the header of a column to set it as the primary sort criterion, or reverse the sorting if it is already set. Another click will deselect the column as sorting criterion. Hold down Ctrl and click a column to add, reverse or remove it as a sub-criterion after the primary column. You can add an arbitrary number of sub-criteria, but only three levels will be stored for the next time you start JabRef.

• Adjust the width of each column by dragging the borders between their headers.

• Color codes can be toggled in the Preferences dialog (select Appearance and activate option "Color codes for optional and required fields). They help you visualize the completeness of your database by coloring cells as follows:

  • A red cell in the leftmost column denotes an incomplete entry.

  • A yellow cell in the leftmost column denotes an entry that doesn't define all required fields by itself, but that contains a cross-reference.

Adding a new entry

There are several ways to add a new entry. The New entry menu action shows a dialog where you can choose the type of the entry from a list. To bypass this dialog, there are also separate menu actions for each entry type, and keyboard shortcuts for the most common types.

When a new entry is added, by default an entry editor for the entry will be opened. This behaviour can be toggled in the Preferences dialog.

Note: We strongly recommend learning the shortcuts for the entry types you use most often, e.g. Ctrl + Shift + A for adding an article entry.

Adding a new entry using an id

In the dialog, you can also create an entry based on Id. See import using publication identifiers for an overview on all available fetchers. For instance, when having an ISBN number, you can select "ISBN" or "DOI" as Id type and then fetch it. See ISBNtoBibTeX and DOItoBibTeX for details.

Adding a new entry using the reference text

Use the BibTeX → New entry from plain text... (Ctrl+Shift+N). For more information see New entry from plain text.

Editing an entry

To open an entry editor for an existing entry, simply double-click anywhere on the appropriate line will open the entry editor (or select the entry and press Enter).

Referencing a BibTeX string in a field

In JabRef you write the contents of all fields the same way as you would in a text editor, with one exception: to reference a string, enclose the name of the string in a set of # characters, e.g.: '#jan# 1997', which will be interpreted as the string named jan followed by 1997. For more information, see string editor.

Revision history

Please refer to https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md for a complete history in English.

License

The license of the JabRef software

The JabRef software is under the MIT License. In short, JabRef is free of use, even commercially. You can do whatever you want with it as long as you include the original copyright and license notice in any copy of the software/source.

The license of JabRef help

The help of JabRef is under the Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution 4.0 International License. In short, you can make a commercial use of it, distribute it, modify it and rename it. You must give credit, include copyright, and state changes. And you cannot sublicense it.

This feature can be toggled and configured under Preferences → Advanced.

Note that activating this feature under Windows XP SP2 (and possibly other configurations) may prompt a message box stating that certain features of the program have been blocked by the Windows firewall. You can safely tell the firewall to keep blocking - the firewall will not interfere with remote operation of JabRef.

If listening for remote operation is enabled, JabRef will at startup attempt to start listening to a specific port. This means that other applications can send information to JabRef through this port. JabRef will only accept local connections, to avoid the risk of interference from outside.

Binding to this port makes it possible for a second JabRef instance to discover that the first one is running. In this case, unless specifically instructed to run in stand-alone mode, the second JabRef instance will pass its command line options through the port to the first JabRef instance, and then immediately quit.

The first JabRef instance will read the command line options, and perform the indicated actions, such as reading or importing a file, or importing a file to the currently shown database. If a file is imported using the command-line option --importToOpen, the imported entries will be added to the currently shown database. If no database is open, a new one will be created.

JabRef can optionally mark all new entries added or imported to a database with your username.

You can disable or enable this feature by entering Preferences → General, and selecting/deselecting the line 'mark new entries with owner name'. You can also change the name used to mark your entries. The default name used is your user name. Finally, if an entry with a field owner is pasted or imported, the field is updated with your owner name if 'Overwrite' is checked.

The owner name is added in a field called 'owner', which by default is visible in the General fields tab in the entry editor.

Special fields offer the functionality

• rate read papers

• mark papers as relevant for the work

• mark BibTeX entries as quality assured, and

• prioritize unread papers.

The main difference from the marked entry is that the rated entry is not floating by default and only highlight the number column. Thus, an entry may be both marked and rated.

Each special field may be turned on and off in the settings.

Types of Fields

Ranking

The aim is to add a functionality to set a range of “positive” ratings. JabRef offers a rank from one to five stars to rate papers.

Relevance

An entry may be marked as relevant.

Quality Assured

An entry may be marked as quality assured. The intention is to mark BibTeX entries, where a thorough checking of the field contents has been done.

Priority

One may prioritize entries from prio3 (low) to prio1 (high). The main intention is to prioritize unread papers.

Storage in the BibTeX Entry

Internally, each special field is stored in a separate BibTeX field. If “Write values of special fields as separate fields to BibTeX” is active, these fields are also written when the database is saved. JabRef also offers synchronizing the fields with keywords. This is enabled by the setting “Synchronize with keywords”. If this setting is active, then each change in a special field is reflected in the keyword field. Vice versa, each change in a keyword also leads to a change in the special field. Additionally, when loading a the database or pasting a new entry, the keywords are used to set the special field values.

This feature allows you to store a selection of often-used words or phrases that you use often in your database. By default it is enabled for the fields Journal, Author, Keywords and Publisher, but you can also add selectors to other fields, in the upper part of the Manage dialog (menu Options -→ Manage content selectors).

The word selection is database-specific, and is saved along with your references in the .bib file.

To add a new word in the entry editor, you can simply click into the text box for the field for which you configured the selectors. A drop down menu will appear and you can select the keyword of your choice. This mechanism is based on the autocompletion functionality in JabRef. Therefore, you need to have autocompletion enabled in your preferences.

How to find, sort, and clean entries

Import and export of bibliographic information using online bibliographic databases

ArXiv is a repository of scientific preprints in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, computer science, quantitative biology, statistics, and quantitative finance (Wikipedia).

To fetch entries from arXiv, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select ArXiv.org in the dropdown menu. Enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

The results are displayed in the import inspection window. In case an error occurs, it is shown in a popup.

CiteSeerX is a public search engine for scientific and academic papers primarily with a focus on computer and information science. However, CiteSeerX has been expanding into other scholarly domains such as economics, physics and others (Wikipedia).

To fetch entries from CiteSeerX, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select CiteSeerX in the dropdown menu. To start a search, enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

The results are displayed in the import inspection window. In case an error occurs, it is shown in a popup.

DBLP is a computer science bibliography website listing more than 3.1 million journal articles, conference papers, and other publications on computer science (Wikipedia).

To fetch entries from DBLP, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select DBLP in the dropdown menu. To start a search, enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

The results are displayed in the import inspection window. In case an error occurs, it is shown in a popup.

IEEEXplore is a scholarly research database that indexes, abstracts, and provides full-text for articles and papers on computer science, electrical engineering and electronics. IEEEXplore comprises over 180 journals, over 1,400 conference proceedings, more than 3,800 technical standards, over 1,800 eBooks and over 400 educational courses (Wikipedia)

To fetch entries from IEEEXplore, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select IEEEXplore in the dropdown menu. To start a search, enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

By checking the Include abstracts checkbox, you may opt to download the abstracts along with the cite information for each entry. This will NOT cause more network queries.

The results are displayed in the import inspection window. In case an error occurs, it is shown in a popup.

Notes

• The search is done in guest mode, which means that a maximum of 100 results will be returned.

• The option to download BibTeX citations directly from IEEEXplore is not working yet.

• Please email Oscar Gustafsson [email protected] or Aaron Chen [email protected] for any suggestions.

DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) is a database covering more than 10000 open access journals covering all areas of science, technology, medicine, social science and humanities (Wikipedia).

To fetch entries from DOAJ, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select DOAJ in the dropdown menu. To start a search, enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

The results are displayed in the import inspection window. In case an error occurs, it is shown in a popup.

It is possible to limit the search by adding a field name to the search, as field:text. The supported fields area:

• title: The title of the article

• doi: The DOI of the article

• issn: The ISSN of the journal

• publisher: The publisher of the journal

• abstract: The abstract of the article

Unpaywall is an open database with over 20 million free scholarly articles harvested from over 50,000 journals and open-access repositories around the globe. Sources for these articles include repositories run by renowned universities, governments, and scholarly societies. Unpaywall is integrated into thousands of existing search engines, library platforms, and information products, making articles easy to find, track, and use for your scholarly communication needs.

The Unpaywall database has a very simple structure: it has one record for each article with a Crossref DOI. It harvests from many sources to find Open Access content, and then matches this content to these DOIs using content fingerprints. So for any given DOI, we know about any OA versions that exist anywhere.

To fetch entries from Unpaywall indirectly through Crossref, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select Crossref in the dropdown menu. To start a search, enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

The results are displayed in the import inspection window. In case an error occurs, it is shown in a popup.

zbMATH is a reviewing service providing reviews and abstracts for articles in pure and applied mathematics (Wikipedia).

To fetch entries from zbMATH, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select zbMATH in the dropdown menu. To start a search, enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

Then, the results are displayed in the import inspection window. In case an error occurs, it is shown in a popup.

Import and export of bibliographic information using identifiers (such as a DOI)

To use this feature, choose BibTeX → New entry.... In the lower part, there is the box "ID-based entry generator". In the field "ID type", you can select "Title". The field "ID" is focused. Enter the title here and press Enter to generate an entry based on the title. You can also click on "Generate". Then, http://dx.doi.org/ (provided by http://crossref.org/) is used to determine the DOI and convert the determined DOI to a BibTeX entry. The found entry is opened in an entry editor. In case an error occurs, a popup is shown. In case no DOI could be determined, no entry is created.

This feature is available through Quality → Synchronize file links....

JabRef can check the integrity of a database.

This feature is available through Quality → Check integrity....

This feature is available through Search → Replace string....

Import and export of bibliographic information

Based on the .aux file generated by LaTeX, JabRef can create a subdatabase containing only the cited entries.

This feature is available through Tools → New subdatabase based on AUX file.

This help applies for older versions of JabRef. From JabRef 3.6 onwards, collaborative working on a SQL database is supported

JabRef is capable of exporting the contents of the BibTeX database, along with groups information, to an external MySQL or PostgreSQL database.

You just need to be sure you have an user/password with full privileges on a MySQL or PostgreSQL server.

Export

1. Choose File → Export to external SQL database, or click the corresponding button on the toolbar.

2. Select the database type from the drop down menu for Server Type.

3. Enter the database connection information, and click Connect.

JabRef will then connect to the specified database, create new tables, and populate those tables with entries and groups information. You will be able to export as many JabRef bib databases as you want without losing the previously explored data. The system recognize a database uniquely by its full path (directory structure + filename). In case you export the same JabRef database more than once, the data of that database will be update in the SQL database. Note that you will not be prompted for the connection information on subsequent exports. If you would like to export to a different database, you can change the connection information by choosing File → Connect to external SQL database (or by clicking the associated toolbar button), and then performing an export. Since version 2.8 tables are not dropped, and user is able to store more than one JabRef database into a single SQL database.

When importing a database from an SQL database (File → Import from external SQL database), JabRef will place each database found in a different tab.

Sharing libraries.

JabRef allows to share both Bib(La)TeX database and SQL database.

When sharing a Bib(La)TeX database, JabRef automatically recognizes a change in the bib file on disk and notifies the user of it. This works well on network drives.

Note: the use of a version control system (SVN, git, etc.) is recommended as this will allow for reverting changes.

To make the sharing of a Bib(La)TeX database easier, it is recommended to set specific database properties. In the menu File -> database properties:

• Select UTF-8 as encoding.

• Define a General file directory, which will be used to store shared PDF (and other) files.

• Define a sort order (year, author, title is recommended).

• Check Refuse to save the database before external changes have been reviewed.

• Check Enable save actions, and defines these actions, to help enforcing a consistent format for the entries.

JabRef can be configured in various ways.

This feature is available through Options → Customize key bindings.

You can reset the key bindings to default by pressing the "Default" button. This is especially useful when upgrading from a JabRef version before 3.8.2.

The entry preview is created using the same mechanism as used by the Custom export filter facility. When previewed, an entry is processed using one of the two alternative layouts (you can switch between the two layouts by pressing F9) to produce HTML code which is displayed by the preview panel. To modify the appearance and contents of the preview you need to edit the preview layouts using the syntax described in the help file on Custom export filters.

This feature is available through Options → Manage external file types.

This feature is available through Options → Manage protected terms.

FAQs on JabRef

You can add an arbitrary number of tabs to the entry editor. These will be present for all entry types. To customize these tabs, go to Options → Set up general fields.

You specify one tab on each line. The line should start with the name of the tab, followed by a colon (:), and the fields it should contain, separated by semicolons (;).

For example:

General:url;keywords;doi;pdf
Abstract:abstract;annote

will give one tab named "General" containing the fields url, keywords, doi and pdf, and another tab named "Abstract" containing the fields abstract and annote.

Opened from main window by double-clicking anywhere on the line of the entry, or selecting the entry and pressing Enter or Ctrl + D. The panel is closed by pressing Esc._

In this panel you can specify all relevant information on a single entry. The entry editor checks the type of your entry, and lists all the fields that are required, and the ones that are optional, for referring the entry with BibTeX. In addition, there are several fields termed General fields, that are common to all entry types.

You can fully customize which fields should be regarded as required and optional for each type of entry, and which fields appear in the General fields tabs. See for more information about this.

For information about how the fields should be filled out, see .

The entry editor's panels

The entry editor contains six panels: Required fields, Optional fields, General, Abstract, Comments and BibTeX source, where General, Abstract and Comments can be customized (see for details). Inside the three first panels, Tab and Shift + Tab are used to switch focus between the text fields.

Up to JabRef 4.1, the field was called "Review". The field name was changed to "Comments" as "Review" indicated some external reviews or some fundamental comments.

Switch panels by clicking on the tabs, or navigate to the panel to the left or right using the following key combinations: Ctrl + Tab or Ctrl + + switch to the tab to the right, and Ctrl + Shift + Tab or Ctrl + - switch to the tab to the left. You can also switch to the next or previous entry by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Down or Ctrl + Shift + Up, respectively, or by clicking the appropriate toolbar button.

The BibTeX source panel shows how the entry will appear when the database is saved in BibTeX format. If you wish, you can edit the BibTeX source directly in this panel. When you move to a different panel, press Ctrl + S or close the entry editor, JabRef will try to parse the contents of the source panel. If there are problems, you will be notified, and given the option to edit your entry further, or to revert to the former contents. If Show source by default is checked in the General options tab of the Preferences dialog, the source panel will be the one shown each time you open the entry editor. If you prefer editing the source rather than using the other four panels, you should check this option.

Tip: If your database contains fields unknown to JabRef, these will be visible in the source panel.

Tip: the pdf and url fields support Drag and Drop operations. You can drop there an url from your browser. either a link to a pdf file (that JabRef can download for you) or you can keep the link.

Field consistency checking

When the contents of a field is changed, JabRef checks if the new contents are acceptable. For field types that are used by BibTeX, the contents are checked with respect to the use of the '#' character. The hash symbol is only to be used in pairs (except in escaped form, '\#'), wrapping the name of a BibTeX string that is referenced. Note that JabRef does not check if the referenced string actually exists (this is not trivial, since the BibTeX style you use can define an arbitrary set of strings unknown to JabRef).

If the contents are not accepted, the field will turn red, indicating an error. In this case the change will not be stored.

Handling of string constants

BibTeX supports string constants. One can define in the bibliography. JabRef offers editing of these strings via the .

For instance, if you see #jan# in the month field, the "real" BibTeX entry looks like month = jan. For more details, see .

Word/name autocompletion

The entry editor offers autocompletion of words. In the Preferences dialog you can enable or disable autocompletion, and choose for which fields autocompletion is active.

With autocompletion, JabRef records all words that appear in each of the chosen fields throughout your database. Whenever you write the beginning of one of these words, it will be suggested visually. To ignore the suggestion, simply write on. To accept the suggestion, either press Enter or use your arrow keys or other keys to remove the selection box around the suggested characters.

Note: the words considered for suggestion are only the ones appearing in the same field in entries of the same database as the one you are editing. There are many ways to realise this kind of feature, and if you feel it should have been implemented differently, we'd like to hear your suggestions!

Drag and drop behavior settings

The entry editor allows for file(s) to be dragged and dropped directly into the entry editor window. There are three different types of behaviors that govern how the files are handled, and the user can set which behavior they would like the entry editor to use in the Entry editor tab of the Preferences dialog. These behaviors are the following: copy, link, move.

If the copy option is selected as the drag and drop behavior, the entry editor will create a copy of the file in the current directory. While this option is selected, the keyboard shortcuts needed to move, copy or link files are the following:

• Move: Ctrl + Drag (Windows) or Option + Drag (MacOS/Linux)

• Copy: Shift + Drag (Windows) or Command + Drag (MacOS/Linux) or no key + Drag

• Link: Alt + Drag (Windows) or Command + Option + Drag (MacOS/Linux)

If the link option is selected as the drag and drop behavior, the entry editor will create a link of the file. This creates a shortcut to the file and will not copy the file to the current directory. While this option is selected, the keyboard shortcuts needed to move, copy or link files are the following:

• Move: Alt + Drag (Windows) or Command + Option + Drag (MacOS/Linux)

• Copy: Ctrl + Drag (Windows) or Option + Drag (MacOS/Linux)

• Link: Shift + Drag (Windows) or Command + Drag (MacOS/Linux) or no key + Drag

If the move option (shown as Copy, rename and link file) is selected as the drag and drop behavior, the entry editor will move the file to the current directory by copying the file to the current location, renaming the copy, and linking it to the original file. While this option is selected, the keyboard shortcuts needed to move, copy or link files are the following:

• Move: Shift + Drag (Windows) or Command + Drag (MacOS/Linux) or no key + Drag

• Copy: Ctrl + Drag (Windows) or Option + Drag (MacOS/Linux)

• Link: Alt + Drag (Windows) or Command + Option + Drag (MacOS/Linux)

Copy BibTeX key including citation command.

Pressing Ctrl + K or the 'key' button causes the BibTeX key for your entry including the surrounding to be copied to the clipboard.

Copy BibTeX key

Pressing Ctrl + Shift + K causes the BibTeX key for your entry to be copied to the clipboard.

Autogenerate BibTeX key

Press Ctrl + G or the 'gen key' button (the magic wand) to autogenerate a BibTeX key for your entry based on the contents of its required fields.

For more information on how JabRef generates BibTeX keys, see .

Related Articles Tab

By selecting this Tab, we are sending the title of the selected paper to Mr. DLib.

Mr. DLib is a service that calculates recommendations for you based on this title. After a short loading time the recommendations are listed in the Related Articles Tab. For detailed information see . The following image shows the Related Articles Tab with recommendations to the selected item.

Although JabRef is primarily a GUI based application, it offers several command line options that may be useful. JabRef can even perform file conversion operations without opening the graphical interface.

Basics

Locate JabRef.bat (Windows) or JabRef (Linux, Mac OS). In the partable versions, this is JabRef-5.0-portable_windows\JabRef\runtime\bin\JabRef.bat and JabRef-5.0-portable_linux\JabRef\lib\runtime\bin\JabRef.

Do not use JabRef\JabRef.exe or bin/JabRef

The following documentation is for Windows, but works equally well on Linux and Mac OS:

In some cases, you have to specify --console to ensure that output is written to the console.

You can always specify one or more BibTeX files to load by simply listing their filenames. Take care to specify all options before your list of file names. Ensure that the first file name is not misunderstood as being an argument for an option; this simply means that if a boolean option like -n or -l immediately precedes a file name, add the word true as an argument. For instance, the command line will correctly load the file original.bib, export it in to filetoexport.xml, and suppress the GUI_

The word true prevents the file name from being interpreted as an argument to the -n option.

Options

Help: -h

(or --help)

Displays a summary of the command line options, including the list of available import and export formats.

No-GUI mode: -n

(or --nogui)

Suppresses the JabRef window (i.e. no GUI - Graphic User Interface - is displayed).

It causes the program to exit immediately once the command line options have been processed. This option is useful for performing file conversion operations from the command line or a script.

Import file: -i filename[,import format]

(or --import filename[,import format] or --importToOpen filename[,import format])

Import or load the file filename.

If only the filename is specified (or if the filename is followed by a comma and a * character), JabRef will attempt to detect the file format automatically. This works for BibTeX files, and also for all files in a supported import format. If the filename is followed by a comma and the name of an import format, the given import filter will be used.

Use the -h option to get the list of available import formats.

If an export option is also specified, the import will always be processed first, and the imported or loaded file will be used by the export filter. If the GUI is not suppressed (using the -n option), any imported or loaded file will show up in the main window.

If --importToOpen is used, the content of the file will be imported into the opened tab.

Note: The -i option can be specified only once, and for one file only.

Export file: -o filename[,export format]

(or --output filename[,export format]

Export or save a file imported or loaded by the same command line.

If a file is imported using the -i option, that file will be exported. If no -i option is used, the last file specified (and successfully loaded) will be exported.

If only filename is specified, it will be exported in BibTeX format. If the filename is followed by a comma and an export format, the given export filter will be used.

A custom export filter can be used, and will be preferred if the export name matches both a custom and a standard export filter.

If the GUI is not suppressed (using the -n option), any export operation will be performed before the JabRef window is opened, and the imported database will show up in the window.

Note: The -o option can be specified only once, and for one file only.

Xmp export option

is an ISO standard for the creation, processing and interchange of standardized and custom metadata for digital documents and data sets.

The first option is to export all entries, which are included in the entries.bib file to the specified export.xmp file. The second argument, separated by comma, is the type of exporter used by JabRef.

The second option is to export every entry in the entries.bib in a single .xmp file. Therefore, the file name is replaced by the keyword split without a file ending! JabRef generates individual .xmp files at the path location. The file name is a combination of the identifier provided by JabRef and the cite key of the entry.

Import BibTeX: -importBibtex

Import or load code directly from the BibTeX file. This only works for BibTeX files, and does not support files of other import formats. If it detects this command line option, the JabRef CLI will take in its following argument as a BibTeX string that represents the BibTeX article file being read in for import (usually a filename). JabRef then passes on this information to a helper function that will parse the BibTex string into entries and return the resulting BibTex entries to the JabRef CLI.

If the GUI is not suppressed (using the -n option), any imported or loaded BibTeX file will show up in the main window.

Note: The -importBibtex option can be specified only once, and for one file only.

Export matching entries: -m [field]searchTerm,outputFile:file[,exportFormat]

(or --exportMatches [field]searchTerm,outputFile:file[,exportFormat])

Save to a new file all the database entries matching the given search term.

If the filename is followed by a comma and an export format, the given export filter will be used. Otherwise, the default format html-table (with Abstract and BibTeX, provided by tablerefsabsbib) is used.

Information about to the search function is given in .

Note: In addition it is also possible to search for entries within a time frame such as Year=1989-2005 (instead of only searching for entries of a certain year as in Year=2005).

Note: Search terms containing blanks need to be bracketed by quotation marks, as in (author=bock or title|keywords="computer methods")and not(author=sager)

Fetch entries from Web: -f=FetcherName:QueryString

(or --fetch=FetcherName:QueryString)

Query a Web fetcher and import the entries.

Pass both the name of a fetcher and your search term or paper id (e.g. --fetch=Medline:cancer), and the given fetcher will be run. Some fetchers will still display a GUI window if they need feedback from you.

The fetchers listed in the Web search panel can be run from the command line. To get the list of available fetchers, run --fetch without parameters.

Subdatabase from .aux file: -a infile[.aux],outfile[.bib] base-BibTeX-file

(or --aux infile[.aux],outfile[.bib] base-BibTeX-file)

Extract a subdatabase from a .aux file:

When you compile a LaTeX document (e.g. infile.tex), an .aux file is created (infile.aux). Among other things, it contains the list of entries used in your document. JabRef can extract the references used from the base-BibTeX-file to a new .bib file (outfile.bib). This way, you will have a subdatabase containing only the entries used in the .tex file.

Set file links: -asfl

(or --automaticallySetFileLinks)

Automatically set file links.

Regenerate keys: -g

(or --generateBibtexKeys)

Regenerate all keys for the entries of a BibTeX file.

Export preferences: -x filename

(or --prexp filename)

Export user preferences to an XML file. After exporting, JabRef will start normally.

Import preferences: -p filename

(or --primp filename)

Import user preferences from an XML file (exported using the -x option, or through the GUI). After importing, JabRef will start normally.

Reset preferences: -d key

(or --prdef key)

Reset preferences (key1, key2,..., or all).

No files at startup: -b

(or --blank)

Do not open any files at startup

Version: -v

(or --version)

Display the version number of JabRef.

Debug mode: --debug

Show debug level messages.

Display output in the console: --console

Show info and error messages in the console.

JabRef generates .sav and .bak files while working. .sav is the automatic backup feature: Each 15 seconds, the current state of the library is saved. .bak preserves the last state of the library after saving. Thus, one can go back one save command in the history.

By using the service, you can generate an appropriate .gitignore file by opening .

In addition to .bak and to .sav, JabRef offers automatic saving of the library. No need to click on File --> Save or pressing Ctrl+S anymore: The opened database are saved automatically without manual intervention.

Automatic saving of the current library

In case the .bib file should automatically be saved on each change, you can direct JabRef to do so. This feature needs to be activated in the preferences:

Automatic backup of current library edits

This functionality runs in the background while you are working on a BibTeX database. It makes a backup copy (in a .bib.sav file) and keeps that up-to-date on every user interaction. For instance, when you change a field the new value would get saved into the backup copy. Assuming that JabRef crashes while you are working on a BibTeX database. When you try again to open the file JabRef crashed with you will get the following dialog:

Now you have the possibility to restore your changes which would normally get lost.

When JabRef gets closed normally the .sav file will be removed. Otherwise, this file is going to be used for database restoration next time.

Backup of last library version

The .bak file preserves the last state of the library before saving. Thus, one can go back one save command in the history. For more advanced history, we recommend to use .

JabRef itself can be either installed using the installer or just running the portable version. You get these files from http://downloads.jabref.org/.

On Windows, the installer automatically downloads the OracleJDK (i.e. Java). You can also install it manually as described here.

• Installation Commands

Places do download JabRef

Official Download Mirrors

• - redirects to the preferred place to download JabRef

Other mirrors NOT updated/maintained by JabRef team

Installation Commands

JabRef 5.x

JabRef 5.x is shipped with a lightweight Java runtime environment that includes only the Java dependencies JabRef uses. There are two major ways of obtaining JabRef for your platform.

Using Prebuilt Binaries

For stable versions, head to , choose the installer and run it. On Windows, you can use the and execute choco install jabref to get the latest version. On Ubuntu, you can use snap install jabref to get the latest stable version .

In case, you want to take advantage of the , you can use pre-built binaries crafted from the latest development branch.

To use the prebuilt binaries, visit and download the packaged binaries (e.g., dmg files for MacOS and exe files for Windows), run them and follow the instructions. We also provide generic archive files (e.g., tar.gz files for Linux and MacOS, and zip files for Windows) which can be downloaded and extracted. Inside the archive files you will find a bin subdirectory which contains the binary needed to run JabRef (i.e., JabRefMain for Linux and MacOS, and JabRefMain.bat for Windows).

Building From Source

This method is mainly for package maintainers and users who would like to build the latest snapshots of JabRef directly from the source. If you want to setup JabRef for development, follow the instructions for

To build JabRef from source, you first need to have a working Java Development Kit 13 (JDK 13) and Git installed on your system. After installing the two requirements, you open a terminal window (i.e., a command prompt) and type the following:

In a nutshell, you clone the latest snapshot of JabRef into jabref directory, change directory to jabref, initialize and update all the submodules (dependencies) of JabRef, assemble them to be built via JDK 13, and finally build and link them together.

The output should be the build/image subdirectory that contains the JabRef binary with all of its Java dependencies. To start JabRef, you need to run bin/JabRefMain (in Linux and MacOS) or bin/JabRefMain.bat (in Windows) under build/image subdirectory.

JabRef 4.x

JabRef 4.x requires JRE 8 (and does not run at JRE 9 onwoards)

JavaFX is not included in every Java runtime environment or development kit. Therefore, we highly recommend to use . JavaFX is included since Java 1.8.0_60. The other official support for JavaFX is with the external library . Unfortunately, the installation is not always straight forward. Therefore, we only recommend this if you know what you are doing. In case you want to use OpenJDK with OpenJFX in general you should follow this . For Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, 18.04 LTS and 20.04 LTS head to the section .

Verify Java Installation

In case you already have a Java version installed - or you closely followed the steps below, you can check your Java version by typing the following command into your command line interface:

java -version

It is possible having multiple Java versions at the same time. On debian based Linux distributions set your preferred Java version using the following command:

sudo update-alternatives --config java

and choose it by typing the number matching the Java version.

Your Java version should look like this, depending on your operating system and JDK/JRE:

Oracle Java 32-Bit:

Oracle Java 64-Bit:

OpenJDK 32-Bit:

OpenJDK 64-Bit:

If this does not report to be a product from Oracle (for instance tells you that it is a GCJ VM) even if you have installed the Oracle JVM then you need to change your setup. In the following, the installation is documented for Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, CentOS, Windows, and MacOSX.

Ubuntu and Oracle Java

This applies for both 32bit and 64bit and both Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, 16.04 LTS, 18.04 LTS and 20.04 LTS.

Install Oracle JDK:

1. Download the Linux files (e.g. Linux_X64) from

2. Unpack the archive

   Note: You can already start JabRef now. Just enter into terminal: "/home/USER/Downloads/jre-8u251-linux-x64/jre1.8.0_251/bin/java -jar /home/USER/Downloads/JabRef-4.3.1.jar" (The path has to match your folder structure)

Have a look for further .

Ubuntu and OpenJDK

Just install JavaFX by executing sudo apt-get install openjfx.

For Ubuntu 18.04 and newer, openjfx which is currently not supported by JabRef. Hence, use an older version (does not work with Ubuntu 20.04 anymore):

1. If you accidently installed the new version, remove it with sudo apt purge openjfx.

2. Install an older version with sudo apt install openjfx=8u161-b12-1ubuntu2 libopenjfx-jni=8u161-b12-1ubuntu2 libopenjfx-java=8u161-b12-1ubuntu2.

3. To prevent the software updater from installing the newer not supported version, mark it to be not updated with

This also works for Linux Mint 19.1 Tessa which is based on Ubuntu 18.04.

Debian Jessie 8 and Oracle Java

Using the ppa

1. Add repository: sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu trusty main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list'

2. Add GPG key: sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys EEA14886

3. Update package list: sudo apt-get update

Based on:

Directly from Oracle

1. Download tag.gz-file from the site

2. Navigate to the folder where you downloaded the tar.gz-file

3. Create package with make-jpkg jdk-[Version]-linux-x64.tar.gz including the most recent Java version instead of[Version]

Fedora 23 and Oracle Java

1. Download rpm-file from the site

2. Navigate to the folder where you downloaded the rpm-file

3. Install: rpm -ivh jdk-8u101-linux-x64.rpm

Recent JabRef builds are available at .

Fedora and OpenJDK

1. Install OpenJDK: sudo dnf install java-1.8.0-openjdk

2. Install JavaFX (actually OpenJFX): sudo dnf install openjfx java-1.8.0-openjdk-openjfx

3. Download the JabRef-[version].jar from the .

Warning: To install JavaFX, it is not sufficient to just install the openjfx package. Warning: There is a in openjfx in Fedora 29. JabRef versions newer than 4.3.1 will not work with OpenJDK and Fedora 29 until this is fixed. See also .

CentOS 6 or 7 and Oracle Java

1. Download rpm-file from the site

2. Install with sudo yum localinstall jre-[Version]-linux-[BIT].rpm include the most recent Java version for [Version] and i586 or x64 for [BIT] depending on your OS version

openSUSE

The necessary Java packages can be installed via "1-click installs":

Arch and Manjaro

Two packages are available in the :

1. : The current release

2. : The latest version from the master branch

Both packages install precompiled jar files and add a command and a .desktop file to the OS.

Windows and Oracle Java

The "modern" way:

1. Install chocolatey by following the steps described at

2. Execute choco install jre8

At any time, you can update to the latest Java runtime environment by executing choco upgrade all.

The "old" way:

1. Download exe file from the site

2. Run installation wizzard

Mac OS and Oracle Java

1. Download dmg-file from the site

2. Run installation wizzard

Troubleshooting

See the .

Freezes when running JabRef

Some users with macOS Sierra have reported freezes when using JabRef. Apparently, seems to solve these issues.

Random freezes have also been reported on several Linux distributions. It seems that the GTKLookAndFeel is causing these problems and selecting a different look and feel class under Options -> Appearance -> Look and Feel solves the problem.

JabRef and OpenOffice/LibreOffice integration

The connection from JabRef to Libre Office requires some office related jar-archives to be present. The Windows installer for OpenOffice/LibreOffice automatically installs the required libraries. For Linux you have to install the package libreoffice-java-common.

JabRef helps you work with your BibTeX databases, but there are still rules to keep in mind when editing your entries, to ensure that your database is treated properly by the BibTeX program.

JabRef's conventions

Fields in the header of a bib file

JabRef stores the encoding of the file and (in case a shared is used) the ID of the shared database in the header of the bib file.

Encoding

% Encoding: <encoding>: States the encoding of a BibTeX file. E.g., % Encoding: UTF-8

Shared Id

To enable , JabRef adds % DBID: <id> to the header. This helps JabRef identifying the SQL database where the file belongs. E.g., % DBID: 2mvhh73ge3hc5fosdsvuoa808t.

Standard BibTeX fields

There is a lot of different fields in BibTeX, and some additional fields that you can set in JabRef.

The following fields are recognized by the default bibliography styles:

• bibtexkey A unique string used to refer to the entry in LaTeX documents. Note that when referencing an entry from LaTeX, the key must match case-sensitively with the reference string. Some characters should not be used in bibtexkey as they are not compatible or not recommended:

  { } ( ) , \ " - # ~ ^ : '

• address Usually the address of the publisher or other type of institution. For major publishing houses, you may omit the information entirely or give simply the city. For small publishers, on the other hand, you can help the reader by giving the complete address.

Non-standard fields

BibTeX is extremely popular, and many people have used it to store information in non-standard fields. The information in these non-standard fields may be ignored by BibTeX.

Here is a list of some of the more common non-standard fields ("*" = not directly supported by JabRef):

• affiliation* The authors affiliation.

• abstract An abstract of the work.

• doi The Digital Object Identifier, a permanent identifier given to documents.

JabRef-specific fields

To help in managing your bibliography, and extend the features of BibTeX, JabRef defines some specific fields:

Define your own fields

You can create new fields by .

Hints on fields

• Generally, you can use LaTeX commands inside of fields containing text. BibTeX will automatically format your reference lists, and those fields that are included in the lists will be (de)capitalized according to your bibliography style. To ensure that certain characters remain capitalized, enclose them in braces, like in the word {B}elgium.

• An institution name should be inside {} brackets.

  If the institution name also includes its abbreviation, this abbreviation should be also in {} brackets.

Further information resources

• - long manual explaining the workings of BibTeX, the BibTeX format, and the available entry types with required and optional fields.

BibTeX files

• (large file > 6000 publications)

BibLatex files

Bib(La)TeX files in the JabRef repository

Good references for the BibTex "standard"

BibLaTex standard

BibTeX parser

For linking attached files, see File links in JabRef.

JabRef lets you link documents on the web in the form of an URL or a DOI identifier.

Setting up external viewers

JabRef has to know which external viewers to use for web pages. These are by default set to values that probably make sense for your operating system, so there's a fair chance you don't have to change these values.

To change the external viewer settings, go to Options → Preferences → External programs.

Opening external links

There are several ways to open an external web page. In the entry editor, click on the icon "open" right of the text field to open the respective DOI or URL.

In the entry table you can select an entry and use the menu choice, keyboard shortcut or the right-click menu to open the file or web page. Finally, you can click on a URL or DOI icon.

By default the entry table will contain a singly column containing an indicator whether there is a DOI or a URL linked. You can disable any of these in Options → Preferences → Entry table columns.

JabRef lets you link up your entries with files of any type stored on your system. Thereby, it uses the field file, which contains a list of linked files. Each entry can have an arbitrary number of file links, and each linked file can be opened quickly from JabRef. The fields url and doi are used as links to documents on the web in the form of an URL or a DOI identifier respectively. See External Files for an explanation.

In BibTeX terms, the file links are stored as text in the field file. From within JabRef, however, they appear as an editable list of links accessed from the entry editor along with other BibTeX fields.

Table of contents

Adding external links to an entry

If the "file" field is included in , you can edit the list of external links for an entry in the . The editor includes buttons for inserting, editing and removing links, as well as buttons for reordering the list of links.

Directories for files

JabRef offers following directory settings:

1. Options → Preferences → File → External file links → Main file directory

2. File → Library properties → General file directory.

3. File → Library properties → User-specific file directory

One of these settings is required. Mostly the "Main file directory" is enough.

JabRef enables setting a directory per database. When sharing a library across multiple persons, each user might have a different directory. Either each user can set his directory in the "Main file directory". In case the group also shares papers and thus there are two directories (the private one and a group-shared one), one can set a directory within the library (the "General file directory"). In case a user has a different location of the shared folder (e.g., different paths on Linux and Windows), he can use the "User-specific file directory". This settings is persisted in the bib file in a way that it does not overwrite the setting of another user. For this, JabRef uses the username of the currently logged in user (-<loginname> is used as suffix in the jabref-meta field). So, both mary and aileen can set a different user-specific file directory.

If JabRef saves an attached file and my loginname matches the name stored in the bib file, it chooses that directory. If no match is found, it uses the "General file directory" of the bib file. If that is not found, it uses the one configured at Options → Preferences → File → External file links ("Main file directory").

In some settings, the bib file is stored in the same directory as the PDF files. Then, one ignore all the above directories and enable "use the BIB file location as primary file directory". In this case, JabRef starts searching for PDF files in the directory of the bib file. It is also possible to achieve this result by setting . as "General file directory" in the library properties.

.

Relative file directories obviously only work in the library properties fo a bib file, e.g. a.bib → Library properties → General file directory → papers. Assume to have two bib files: a.bib and b.bib located in different directories: a.bib located at C:\a.bib and b.bib located at X:\b.bib. When I click on the + icon in the general Tab of file a.bib, the popup is opened in the directory C:\papers

Auto linking files

If you have a file within or below one of your file directories with an extension matching one of the defined external file types, and a name containing a BibTeX entry's BibTeX key, the file can be autolinked by clicking on the Auto button in the entry editor.

The rules for which file names can be autolinked to a BibTeX key can be set up in Preferences → File → External file links → Use regular expression search.

If you want to download a file and link to it from a BibTeX entry, you can do this by clicking the Download button in the entry editor.

A dialog box will appear, prompting you to enter the URL. The file will be downloaded to your main file directory, named based on the entry's BibTeX key, and finally linked from the entry.

JabRef uses all directories set at to search for the files. JabRef starts in the user-specific file directory, then the general file directory and finally the main file directory to handle files.

It is possible to have greater flexibility in the naming scheme by using regular expression for the search. In most cases it should not be necessary though to adapt the given default.

If you open the external preferences (Options → Preferences → File) you will find an option called "Use regular expression search". Checking this option will allow you to enter your own regular expression for search in the PDF directories.

The following syntax is understood:

• * - Search in all immediate all subdirectories excluding the current and any deeper subdirectories.

• ** - Search in all subdirectories recursively AND the current directory.

• .

The default for searches is **/.*[bibtexkey].*\\.[extension]. As you can see this will search in all subdirectories of the extension-based directory (for instance in the PDF directory) for any file that has the correct extension and contains the BibTeX-key somewhere.

Opening external files

There are several ways to open an external file or web page. In the entry table, you can click on the PDF icon to open the PDF. In case there are multiple PDFs linked, always the first one is opened. You can also right click on the line of the entry in the entry table and select "Open file". There is also a keyboard shorcut for this: In the default setting, this is F4, but .

To access any of an entry's links, click on the icon with the right mouse button (or Ctrl + Click on Mac OS X) to bring up a menu showing all links.

Setting up external file types

In general, there is no need to change the settings of external file types. So, this setting is for advanced users.

For each file link, a file type must be chosen, to determine what icon should be used and what application should be called to open the file. The list of file types can be viewed and edited by choosing Options → Manage external file types, or by clicking the Manage external file types button in the External programs tab of the Preferences dialog.

A file type is specified by its name, a graphical icon, a file extension and an application to view the files. On Windows, the name of the application can be omitted in order to use Window's default viewer instead.

JabRef supports following fields to jump to other entries.

Following fields are supported:

• cites - comma separated list of BibTeX keys which are cited by this entry

• crossref - single entry which is cross referenced.

• related - comma separated list of BibTeX keys which are in some kind related to this entry. The type of all relations can be specified by a single relatedtype (see ). Note: Biblatex prints this information if related is active at the biblatex package.

To use the crossref field, navigate to the general tab and insert the Crossref at the top.

To use cites and related, follow these steps:

1. Navigate to BibTeX source

2. Insert related = {bibtexkey},

3. Close the entry editor

Notes

If you use crossref, JabRef will move these entries first in the bibliography as otherwise bibtex cannot use the information of the cross-referenced fields. See also .

Please note that BibLaTeX treats crossref differently than BibTeX.

Unsupported fields:

• citedBy - this is the opposite of cites. Use cites instead.

• relations - this would introduce a complicated field similar to our save actions. A simple key/value is enough

Further information

See for the developer's discussion on the fields.

JabRef can automatically toggle journal names between abbreviated and unabbreviated form, as long as the names are contained in one of your journal lists.

This feature can be configured under Options → Manage journal abbreviations.

JabRef includes a fairly extensive build-in list of journal abbreviations. This list is a merge of all lists available at abbrv.jabref.org. However, this might still be be incomplete (or outdated) for the purposes of some users. Thus, JabRef allows to add abbreviations in the form of a personal list or external lists.

Using the feature

Journal name conversion can be accessed either from within the entry editor, or from the Tools menu. In the entry editor you will find a button labeled Toggle abbreviation by the journal field. Clicking this button will cause the current journal name to be switched to the next of four modes:

• Full name, e.g. "Aquacultural Engineering"

• Default abbreviation, e.g. "Aquacult. Eng."

• Medline abbreviation, e.g. "Aquacult Eng"

If the current journal name is not found in your journal lists, the field will not be modified.

To convert the journal names of many entries in bulk, you can select any number of entries, and choose Tools → Abbreviate journal names (DEFAULT), Tools → Abbreviate journal names (MEDLINE), Tools → Abbreviate journal names → SHORTEST UNIQUE, or Tools → Unabbreviate journal names. These three actions will abbreviate and unabbreviate the journal names of all selected entries for which the journal name could be found in your journal lists.

Setting up additional journal lists

In addition to the build-in journal list, you can have a personal list and external lists.

Any entry in your personal journal list will override an entry with the same full journal name in one of the external lists. Similarly, the external lists are given precedence in the order they are listed.

Your personal journal abbreviations list

Your personal journal list is managed on top of the Manage journal abbreviations window. To start building your personal journal abbreviations list, choose Add new list, and enter a filename. If you already have a file that you want to use as a starting point, use the Open existing list button. The table will update to show the contents of the list you have selected.

The table and the tool buttons in the upper right allow you to add, remove and edit journal entries. For each entry you must provide the full journal name, and the default abbreviation (e.g. "Aquacultural Engineering" and "Aquacult. Eng."). The last field, which contains the shortest unique abbreviation, is optional. Therefore, you can actually safely omit it. To edit an entry, double-click its row in the table.

Once you click Save changes, if you have selected a file, and the table contains at least one entry, the table contents will be stored to the selected file, and JabRef's list of journals will be updated.

External journal lists

You can link to a number of external lists. These links can be set up on top of the Manage journal abbreviations window. External lists are similar to the personal list. The Open existing list button allows you to select an existing file on your computer.

External lists can be found at . These data files are in CSV format (using semicolons as separators):

The two last fields are optional, and you can omit them. JabRef supports the third field, which contains the shortest unique abbreviation. The last field is not currently used; its intention is gives frequency (e.g., M for monthly). For instance:

Contributing an external journal list

We want to expand both the build-in list and the selection of smaller lists, so if you have set up a representative list for your own subject area, we would appreciate it if you share your list via or by dropping a note on .

This feature is available through Edit → Set/clear/rename fields.

BibTeX supports storing constant strings using @String {key = value}. JabRef supports managing them using BibTeX → Edit strings, which opens the String Editor. These values can be used in fields. For example, you can have:

@String { kopp = "Kopp, Oliver" }
@String { kubovy = "Kubovy, Jan" }
@String { et = " and " }

and then in some entry for example

@Misc{m1,
  author = kopp # et # kubovy,
}

or

@Misc{m2,
  author = kopp # " and " # kubovy,
}

In the JabRef field editor, the author has to be inserted as #kopp# #et# #kubovy# or #kopp# and #kubovy#.

Rendering of constants in JabRef's entry editor

Strings are rendered specially in the entry editor. This is especially important in the case of months. For instance, take the following BibTeX entry:

In JabRef, the entry editor then displays #may#. In case the entry editor just displays may, this is written as follows:

In other words: The character # indicates something special in the entry editor.

JabRef's typed Strings

JabRef enhances the concept of Strings to add a type to those @Strings. The issue is how to preserve such type of a string in a BibTeX file. JabRef adds the type though prefixes:

• @String { aKopp = "Kopp, Oliver" } is a @String with the type author.

• @String { iMIT = "{Massachusetts Institute of Technology ({MIT})}" } is a @String with the type of institution.

Then @Strings of type author should be used for author and editors fields only. @Strings of type institution should be used for institution and organization fields only. @Strings of type publisher should be used only for publisher fields. And finally @Strings of type other can be used anywhere.

It can also happen that you will have the same institution for more types:

• @String { aMIT = "{Massachusetts Institute of Technology ({MIT})}" } if the institution will appear as author or editor

• @String { iMIT = "{Massachusetts Institute of Technology ({MIT})}" } if the institution will appear as institution or organization

• @String { pMIT = "{Massachusetts Institute of Technology ({MIT}) press}" }

Even if the last example may appear contradicting the intention was to remove duplicity and unify the names of persons and institutions.

Further reading

See for a MWE for string constants.

The search bar is located between the icon bar and the database tabs.

To make the cursor jump to the search field, you can:

• click in the search field.

• select the menu Search → Search.

• press Ctrl + F.

Additionally, Ctrl + Shift + F also activates the global search setting.

Searching includes two modes (normal and advanced), along with several settings.

Search settings

At the right of the search text field, several buttons allow for selecting some settings:

• New window

  • When pressed, the results are displayed in a dedicated window.

• Global search

Search modes

There are two search modes in JabRef.

Normal search

In a normal search, the program searches your database for all occurrences of the words in your search string, once you entered it. Only entries containing all words will be considered matches. To search for sequences of words, enclose the sequences in double quotes. For instance, the query progress "marine aquaculture" will match entries containing both the word "progress" and the phrase "marine aquaculture". All entries that don't match are hidden, leaving for display the matching entries only (filter mode), or are grayed-out (float mode). To stop displaying the search results, just clear the search field again, press Esc or click on the "Clear" (X) button.

Advanced search

Syntax

In order to search specific fields only and/or include logical operators in the search expression, a special syntax is available in which these can be specified. E.g. to search for entries whose an author contains miller, enter:

author = miller

Both the field specification and the search term support . If the search term contains spaces, enclose it in quotes. Do not use spaces in the field specification! E.g. to search for entries about image processing, type:

title|keywords = "image processing"

You can use and, or, not, and parentheses as intuitively expected:

(author = miller or title|keywords = "image processing") and not author = brown

The = sign is actually a shorthand for contains. Searching for an exact match is possible using matches or ==. Using != tests if the search term is not contained in the field (equivalent to not ... contains ...). The selection of field types to search (required, optional, all) is always overruled by the field specification in the search expression. If a field is not given, all fields are searched. For example, video and year == 1932 will search for entries with any field containing video and the field year being exactly 1932

Pseudo fields

JabRef defines the following pseudo fields:

Regular expressions

Regular expressions (regex for short) define a language for specifying the text to be matched, for example when searching. JabRef uses regular expressions as defined in Java. For extensive information, please, look at the and at the .

They can be used in the normal search mode and the advanced search mode

Regular expressions and casing

By default, regular expressions do not account for upper/lower casing. Hence, while the examples below are all in lower case, they match also upper- and mixed case strings.

If casing is important to your search, activate the case-sensitive button.

Searching for entries with an empty or missing field

• . means any character

• + means one or more times

author != .+

Searching for a given word

• \b means word boundary

• \B means not a word boundary

keywords = \buv\b matches uv but not lluvia (it does match uv-b however)

author = \bblack\b matches black but neither blackwell nor blacker

author == black does not match john black, but author = \bblack\b does.

author = \bblack\B matches blackwell and blacker, but not black.

Searching with optional spelling

• ? means none or one copy of the preceeding character.

• {n,m} means at least n, but not more than m copies of the preceding character.

• [ ]

title =neighbou?r matches neighbour and neighbor, and also neighbours and neighbors, and neighbouring and neighboring, etc.

title = neighbou?rs?\b matches neighbour and neighbor, and also neighbours and neighbors, but neither neighbouring nor neighboring.

author = s[aá]nchez matches sanchez and sánchez.

abstract = model{1,2}ing matches modeling and modelling.

abstract = modell?ing also matches modeling and modelling.

Searching for strings with a special character (()[]{}\^-=$!|?*+.)

If a special character (i.e. ( ) [ ] { } \ ^ - = $ ! |

It means that to search for a string including a backslash, two consecutive backslashes (\\) have to be used: abstract = xori{\\c{c}}o matches xoriço.

Searching for strings with double quotation marks (")

The character " has a special meaning: it is used to group words into phrases for exact matches. So, if you search for a string that includes a double quotation, the double quotation character has to be replaced with the hexadecimal character 22 in ASCII table \x22.

Hence, to search for {"o}quist as an author, you must input author = \{\\\x22o\}quist, with regular expressions enabled (Note: the {, __ and the } are escaped with a backslash; see above).

Indeed, \" does not work as an escape for ". Hence, neither author = {\"o}quist with regular expression disabled, nor author = \{\\\"O\}quist with regular expression enabled, will find anything even if the name {"o}quist exists in the database.

The ACM Portal includes two databases (Wikipedia):

• the ACM Digital Library is a text collection of every article published by the Association for Computing Machinery, including over 60 years of archives

  from articles, magazines and conference proceedings.

• the Guide to Computing Literature that is a bibliographic collection from major publishers in computing with over one million entries.

To fetch entries from ACM, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select ACM portal in the dropdown menu. You may choose which database to search and you may opt to download the abstracts along with the cite information for each entry, by checking the Include abstracts checkbox. To start a search, enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

Frequent connections to ACM Portal may get your IP banned for hours. To avoid this, JabRef will display a preview (for each search) of the first page of entries returned by the server. You can then choose which entries to download.

Then, the results are displayed in the .

Description of Google Scholar

Google Scholar is a freely accessible database that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. Google Scholar index includes most peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other scholarly literature, including court opinions and patents (Wikipedia).

Usage

To fetch entries from Google Scholar, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select Google Scholar in the dropdown menu. To start a search, enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

Traffic limitations

Google scholar can block "automated" crawls which generate too much traffic in a short time. Normally, the results are displayed in the . In case an error occurs, it is shown in a popup.

However, after too much crawls JabRef --- or more precisely: your IP address --- could be blocked. To unblock your IP, doing a Google scholar search in your browser might help. You will be asked to show that you are not a robot (a CAPTCHA challenge). If no CAPTCHA appears, or JabRef is still blocked after performing a search in the browser, you can also change your IP address manually or wait for some hours to get unblocked again.

Thus, the Google Scholar fetcher is not the best way to obtain lots of entries at the same time. If you are using Mozilla Firefox, the JabRef Plugin "JabFox" might be an alternative to download the BibTeX data directly from the browser. You can find the PlugIn here: .

GVK, the GBV Union Catalogue, is a multimaterial bibliographic database of seven German federal states. It covers 41.5 million records of books, conference proceedings, periodicals, dissertations, microfilms and electronic resources.

To fetch entries from GVK, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select GVK (Gemeinsamer Verbundkatalog) in the dropdown menu. To start a search, enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

The results are displayed in the import inspection window. In case an error occurs, it is shown in a popup.

Advanced search

You can simply enter words / names / years you want to search for, or you can specify search keys. Supported keys are:

• all - all words. Not specifYing a search key results in an "all" search

• tit - title words

• per - authors, editors, etc.

Notes

• queries can be combined with "and". The use of "and" is optional, though.

• in many cases you can use the truncation sign "?"

• spaces in person names are not supported yet. Please use the truncation sign ? after the first name for several given names. E.g. "per Maas,jan?"

Sample queries

• "marx kapital"

• "per grodke and tit db2"

• "per Maas,jan?"

INSPIRE-HEP is an open access digital library for the field of high energy physics (Wikipedia).

To fetch entries from INSPIRE-HEP, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select INSPIRE in the dropdown menu. To start a search, enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

The results are displayed in the import inspection window. In case an error occurs, it is shown in a popup.

Query syntax

The INSPIRE-HEP search function merely passes your search queries onto the INSPIRE-HEP web search, so you should build your queries in the same way, except omitting the find or fin command. This help page will only give a brief introduction to the search queries. More extensive help on searching INSPIRE-HEP can be found on the page .

Your query can be composed of several parts, combined using and and or as logical operators. Each part is composed of a letter or word indicating the type of field to search, followed by a space and the text to search for.

The following list shows some of the field indicators that can be used:

• a or author: search author names

• t or title: search in title

• j: journal. Here either the common abbreviation or the 5 letter CODEN abbreviation for a journal can be used. Volume and page can also be included, separated by commas. For instance, j Phys. Rev.,D54,1 looks in the journal Phys. Rev., volume D54, page 1.

Example queries:

• a smith and a jones: search for references with authors "smith" and "jones"

• a smith or a jones: search for references with either author "smith" or author "jones"

• a smith and not t processor: search for author "smith" and omit references with "processor" in the title

MathSciNet is a searchable online bibliographic database. It contains all of the contents of the journal Mathematical Reviews (MR) since 1940 along with an extensive author database, links to other MR entries, citations, full journal entries, and links to original articles. It contains almost 3 million items and over 1.7 million links to original articles (Wikipedia).

To fetch entries from MathSciNet, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select MathSciNet in the dropdown menu. To start a search, enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

Then, the results are displayed in the . In case an error occurs, it is shown in a popup.

MEDLINE is a bibliographic database of life sciences and biomedical information. It includes bibliographic information for articles from academic journals covering medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and health care. MEDLINE also covers much of the literature in biology and biochemistry, as well as fields such as molecular evolution (Wikipedia).

To fetch entries from MEDLINE, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select MEDLINE in the dropdown menu. To start a search, enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

There are two ways of specifying which entries to download:

1. Enter one or more MEDLINE IDs (separated by comma/semicolon) in the text field.

2. Enter a set of names and/or words to search for. You can use the operators and and or and parentheses to refine your search expression. See for full description.

   Examples:

   • May \[au\] AND Anderson \[au\]

In both cases, press Enter or the Fetch button. If you use a text search, you will be prompted with the number of entries found, and given a choice of how many to download.

Then, the results are displayed in the . In case an error occurs, it is shown in a popup.

Using a Proxy Server

If you need to use an HTTP proxy server, you can configure JabRef to use a proxy using the "Network" preferences (Options → Preferences → Network).

Mass downloading of articles

JabRef is not intended to be a tool for mass download of citations. The purpose of the WebFetchers (such as the Medline Fetcher) is to simplify download of single, or at least few entries without using the browser. That means, one tries to import the bibliographic information of already known publications in a simple way.

However, it is still possible to import hundreds or even thousands of entries from medline using the export functionality of the database itself. Perfom the search query you like, and then choose the "Send to" → "File" export (choose Medline or XML as format):

The downloaded file can then be imported using JabRefs "File" → "Import into current/new database" feature. Note: depending on the number the import might require some - or quite a lot of time. It was tried in 2016 with an exported XML file of 130MB an over 11000 found entries, which required more than 10 minutes of import.

Apart from fetching entries by using a full search it is also possible to directly create a BibTeX entry using the BibTeX → New Entry dialog. More details are described at .

SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System is an online database of over eight million astronomy and physics papers from both peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed sources. Abstracts are available free online for almost all articles, and full scanned articles are available in Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) and Portable Document Format (PDF) for older articles (Wikipedia).

To fetch entries from SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System, choose Search → Web search, and the search interface will appear in the side pane. Select SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System in the dropdown menu. To start a search, enter the words of your query, and press Enter or the Fetch button.

Then, the results are displayed in the . In case an error occurs, it is shown in a popup.

Apart from fetching entries by using a full search, it is also possible to directly create a BibTeX entry using the BibTeX → New Entry dialog. More details are described at .

DiVA (Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet) is a database with publications from about 40 Swedish universities and research institutions.

To use this feature, choose BibTeX → New entry.... In the lower part, there is the box "ID-based entry generator". In the field "ID type", "DiVA" can be selected (see screenshot below). Select the field "ID" and enter the DiVA here (e.g., diva2:260746) and press Enter to generate an entry based on the Id. You can also click on "Generate". The found entry is opened in an entry editor. In case an error occurs, a popup is shown.

The International Association for Cryptologic Research maintains an eprint archive to which anyone can submit papers and technical reports. These eprints are given IDs based on the year of submission, e.g. the 10th submission in 2018 gets the ID "2018/10".

To create a new entry form an IACR eprint ID, choose BibTeX → New entry.... In the lower part, there is the box "ID-based entry generator". In the field "ID type", "IACR" should be already selected. The field "ID" is focused. Enter the eprints' ID here and press Enter to generate an entry based on the Id. You can also click on "Generate". The new entry is opened in an entry editor. In case an error occurs, a popup is shown.

To get the ID, you may want to use their web search form at .

To use this feature, choose BibTeX → New entry.... In the lower part, there is the box "ID-based entry generator". In the field "ID type", you can select "ISBN". The field "ID" is focused. Enter the ISBN here and press Enter to generate an entry based on the Id. You can also click on "Generate". Then, eBook.de's API is used to convert an ISBN to a BibTeX entry. If no entry is found, the fetcher tries OttoBib to find an entry. The found entry is opened in an entry editor. In case an error occurs, a popup is shown.

Some fetched entries contain a url field. This field points to the URL of the book at the respective online book store. In case you buy the book using the link, the service provider (ebook.de) receive a commission to fund the service.

To use this feature, choose BibTeX → New entry.... In the lower part, there is the box "ID-based entry generator". In the field "ID type", "DOI" should be already selected. The field "ID" is focused. Enter the DOI here and press Enter to generate an entry based on the Id. You can also click on "Generate". Then, http://dx.doi.org/ (provided by http://crossref.org/) is used to convert the given DOI to a BibTeX entry. The found entry is opened in an entry editor. In case an error occurs, a popup is shown.

Medline is a bibliographic database of life sciences and biomedical information. It includes bibliographic information for articles from academic journals covering medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and health care. Medline also covers much of the literature in biology and biochemistry, as well as fields such as molecular evolution (Wikipedia).

To use this feature, choose BibTeX → New entry.... In the lower part, there is the box "ID-based entry generator". In the field "ID type", "Medline" can be selected (see screenshot below). Select the field "ID" and enter the Medline ID here (e.g., 27934767) and press Enter to generate an entry based on the Id. You can also click on "Generate". The found entry is opened in an entry editor. In case an error occurs, a popup is shown.

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Datatracker is a database that "contains data about the documents, working groups, meetings, agendas, minutes, presentations, and more, of the IETF."

To use this feature, choose BibTeX → New entry.... In the lower part, there is the box "ID-based entry generator". In the field "ID type", "RFC" can be selected (see screenshot below). Select the field "ID" and enter the RFC here, with or without the "rfc" prefix (e.g. 1954, rfc1954) and press Enter to generate an entry based on the Id. You can also click on "Generate". The found entry is opened in an entry editor. In case an error occurs, a popup is shown.

SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System is an online database of over eight million astronomy and physics papers from both peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed sources. Abstracts are available free online for almost all articles, and full scanned articles are available in Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) and Portable Document Format (PDF) for older articles (Wikipedia).

To use this feature, choose BibTeX → New entry.... In the lower part, there is the box "ID-based entry generator". In the field "ID type", "SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System" can be selected (see screenshot below). Select the field "ID" and enter the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System ID here (e.g., 2013Sci...339..671W) and press Enter to generate an entry based on the Id. You can also click on "Generate". The found entry is opened in an entry editor. In case an error occurs, a popup is shown.

This feature is available through Quality → Find unlinked files....

The following description appeared first on tex.stackexchange.com.

Preparation: Adjust the JabRef key generation pattern to fit your needs

JabRef offers a BibTeX key generation and offers different patterns described at BibtexKeyPatterns.

Link the PDFs to your bib file

1. Create or open a .bib file.

2. Go to "Quality" -> "Find unlinked files".

3. The "Find unlinked files" dialog opens.

Further information

PDFs for which it works

The importer based on the content has been written for IEEE and formatted papers. Other formats are not (yet) supported. In case a DOI is found on the first page, the DOI is used to generate the BibTeX information.

The next development step is to extract the title of the PDF, use the "Lookup DOI" and then the functionality from JabRef to fetch the BibTeX data.

We are also replacing the code completely by using another library. This is much effort and there is no timeline for that.

Better filenames

JabRef also offers to change the filenames. You can adapt the pattern at Preferences -> Import

Select "Choose pattern" and choose "bibtexkey - title" This results in the setting \bibtexkey\begin{title} - \format[RemoveBrackets]{\title}\end{title}.

This makes the filenames start with the bibtey key followed by the full title. In the concrete case, \bibtexkey only may be the better option as the described bibtey key already contains the title.

Mr.DLib

JabRef used to have support for , which returned back a full BibTeX entry or a PDF. Due to unclear copyright situation of a used library, this service was removed. Further, Mr.DLib changes its focus and will provide literature recommendations. See .

Related questions on stack overflow

JabRef can cleanup the entries of a database. To do a cleanup of the entries, go to Quality → Cleanup entries.

In the lower part, you can choose "Run field formatter", where you can choose different Save Actions. Dependent on the database mode, "Recommended for BibTeX" or "Recommended for BibLaTeX". When pressing this button, the recommended cleanups for the respective mode is called.

Field formatting can be tidied up when saving the database. That ensures your entries to have consistent formatting. If you check Enable save actions in the Database Properties, the list of actions can be configured.

Each action is defined by:

• an entry field (upon which the action will be applied).

• the type of action to be carried out (such as HTML to LaTeX, which converts HTML code to LaTeX code, as described in the window).

Dependent on the database mode, "Recommended for BibTeX" or "Recommended for BibLaTeX". When pressing this button, the recommended cleanups for the respective mode is called.

Add enclosing braces

Add braces encapsulating the complete field content. For instance

gets

However, this procedure is not recommended. It is better to use the "Protect Terms" functionality. See also .

Clear

Clears the field completely.

Escape underscores

Escape underscores

HTML to LaTeX

Converts HTML code to LaTeX code.

HTML to Unicode

Converts HTML code to Unicode.

LaTeX cleanup

Cleans up LaTeX code.

Normalize date

Normalizes the date to ISO date format. Format date string to yyyy-mm-dd or yyyy-mm. Keeps the existing String if it does not match one of the following formats:

• "M/y" (covers 9/15, 9/2015, and 09/2015)

• "MMMM (dd), yyyy" (covers September 1, 2015 and September, 2015)

• "yyyy-MM-dd" (covers 2009-1-15)

Normalize en dashes

Normalizes the en dashes.

• Replace “-” with “--”.

Normalize month

Normalize month to BibTeX standard abbreviation.

Normalize names of persons

Normalizes lists of persons to the BibTeX standard. This separates authors by "and"s with first names after last name separated by a commma; first names are not abbreviated.

• "John Smith" ⇒ "Smith, John"

• "John Smith and Black Brown, Peter" ⇒ "Smith, John and Black Brown, Peter"

• "John von Neumann and John Smith and Black Brown, Peter" ⇒ "von Neumann, John and Smith, John and Black Brown, Peter".

Normalize page numbers

Normalize pages to BibTeX standard. Format page numbers, separated either by commas or double-hyphens. Converts the range number format to page_number--page_number. Removes unwanted literals except letters, numbers and -+ signs. Keeps the existing String if the resulting field does not match the expected Regex.

Ordinals to LaTeX superscript

Converts ordinals to LaTeX superscripts, e.g. 1st, 2nd or 3rd. Will replace ordinal numbers even if they are semantically wrong, e.g. 21rd

• 1st Conf. Cloud Computing -> 1\textsuperscript{st} Conf. Cloud Computing

Remove enclosing braces

Removes braces encapsulating the complete field content.

Remove hyphenated line breaks

Removes all hyphenated line breaks in the field content.

Remove line breaks

Removes all line breaks in the field content.

Shorten DOI

Shortens DOI to more human readable form using .

Unicode to LaTeX

Converts Unicode characters to LaTeX encoding.

Units to LaTeX

Converts units to LaTeX formatting. This includes:

• Add braces around the unit to keep case.

• Replace hyphen with non-break hyphen

• Replace space with a hard space

Capitalize

Changes the first letter of all words to capital case and the remaining letters to lower case.

Lower case

Changes all letters to lower case.

Protect terms

Adds {} brackets around acronyms, month names and countries to preserve their case.

Sentence case

Capitalize the first word, changes other words to lower case.

Title case

Capitalize all words, but converts articles, prepositions, and conjunctions to lower case.

Upper case

Changes all letters to upper case.

Minify list of person names

Shortens lists of persons if there are more than 2 persons to "et al.".

JabRef can help you complement your entries from their DOI.

Open the entry editor, and in the General tab, click on the button Get BibTeX data from DOI. Obviously, this feature is available only if your entry already has a DOI.

The Merge entry with DOI information window will pop-up.

Parallel display of the entry field and of the information gathered from the DOI

The fields of the original entry and of the information gathered from the DOI are displayed side-by-side on the upper part of the window.

The differences between the two sides can be emphasized through the drop-down menu located at the upper right-hand corner of the window. Five ways of displaying the differences are offered:

• plain text: as is, no emphasis

• show diff - word: differences are shown on the right side.

  Full words are struck out in red if they are removed from the original entry or underlined in blue if they are added to the information collected from the DOI.

In the central column, a radio button allows you to select which side to keep for each field: the left side, the right side, or none. By default, the original entry (left) is kept, and any fields not present in the original entry are obtained from the information collected from the DOI.

Merged entry: preview and source code

Based upon your selection, the merged entry is shown, both as a preview (on the left) and as source code (on the right).

If you right-click on the preview, you can Print entry preview or Copy preview.

Final merging

Finally, after selecting which fields to keep, you can decide to Replace the original entry. Alternatively, you can press Cancel.

See also: ,

JabRef can look for duplicated entries inside a database.

This feature is accessible directly through Quality → Find duplicates. It is also used when importing new entries from a supported reference format or directly from the Internet.

Detection of potential duplicates is done by an edit distance algorithm. Extra weighting is put on the fields author, editor, title and journal.

Parallel display of potential duplicates

When two potential duplicates are found, their fields are displayed side-by-side.

The differences between the two entries can be emphasized through the drop-down menu located at the upper right-hand corner of the window. Five ways of displaying the differences are offered:

• plain text: as is, no emphasis

• show diff - word: differences are shown in the right entry. Full words are struck out in red if they are removed from the left entry or underlined in blue if they are added to the right entry.

• show diff - character: differences are shown in the right entry. Individual characters are struck out in red or underlined in blue as above.

In the central column, a radio button allows you to select which side to keep for each field: the left side, the right side, or none. By default, the left entry is kept and any fields not present in the left entry are obtained from the right entry.

Selecting which entry to keep

You are offered to:

• Automatically remove exact duplicates. This button shows up if there are exact duplicates. Clicking that leads to all exact duplicates to be removed.

• Keep left entry. Removes the right entry.

• Keep right entry. Removes the left entry.

JabRef can help you merging entries of your database.

First, select the two entries to be merged. Then select the menu Quality → Merge entries.... The Merge entries window will pop-up.

Parallel display of the entries' fields

The fields of the two entries are displayed side-by-side on the upper part of the window.

The differences between the two entries can be emphasized through the drop-down menu located at the upper right-hand corner of the window. Five ways of displaying the differences are offered:

• plain text: as is, no emphasis

• show diff - word: differences are shown in the right entry. Full words are struck out in red if they are removed from the left entry or underlined in blue if they are added to the right entry.

• show diff - character: differences are shown in the right entry. Individual characters are struck out in red or underlined in blue as above.

In the central column, a radio button allows you to select which side to keep for each field: the left side, the right side, or none. By default, the left entry is kept, and any fields not present in the left entry are obtained from the right entry.

Merged entry: preview and source code

Based upon your selection, the merged entry is shown, both as a preview (on the left) and as source code (on the right).

If you right-click on the preview, you can Print entry preview or Copy preview.

Final merging

Finally, after selecting which fields to keep, you can decide to Merge entries. Alternatively, you can press Cancel.

See also:

Groups allow to structure a BibTeX database in a tree-like way that is similar to organizing files on disk in directories and subdirectories. The two main differences are:

• While a file is always located in exactly one directory, an entry may be contained in more than one group.

• Groups may use certain criteria to dynamically define their content. New entries that match these criteria are automatically contained in these groups. This feature is not available in common file systems, but in several Email clients (e.g. Thunderbird and Opera).

Selecting a group shows the entries contained in that group. Selecting multiple groups shows the entries contained in any group (union) or those contained in all groups (intersection), depending on the current settings. All this is explained in detail below.

Group definitions are database-specific; they are saved as a @COMMENT block in the .bib-file and are shared among all users. (Future versions of JabRef might support user-dependent groups.)

Groups Interface

The groups interface is shown in the side pane on the left of the screen. It can be toggled on or off by pressing Ctrl + Shift + G or by the groups button in the toolbar. The interface has several buttons, but most functions are accessed via a context ("right-click") menu. Drag and Drop is also supported.

To manually assign entries to a group, press the New Group button, enter a name for the group, then press OK, leaving all values at their defaults. Now select the entries to be assigned to the group and use Drag and Drop to the group, or the option Add to group in the context menu. Finally select the group to see its content (which should be the entries you just assigned).

In case you want automatically fill the groups content based on keywords, do the following: Press the New Group button, enter a name for the group, and select the option to dynamically group entries by searching a field for a keyword. Enter the keyword to search for, then click OK. Finally select the group to see its content (which should be all entries whose keywords field contains the keyword you specified).

In case a group should be filled with entries containing defined search strings, do the following: Press the New Group button, enter a name for the group, and select the option to dynamically group entries by a free-form search expression. Enter author=smith as a search expression (replace smith with a name that actually occurs in your database) and click OK. Finally select the group to see its content (which should be all entries whose author field contains the name you specified).

You can also intersact or unition groups: Create two different groups (e.g. as described above). Click the Settings button and make sure that Union is selected. Now select both groups. You should see all entries contained in any of the two groups. Click Settings again and select Intersection. Now you should see only those entries contained in both groups (which might be none at all, or exactly the same entries as before in case both groups contain the same entries).

JabRef allows you to easily identify groups that overlap with the currently selected groups (i.e. that contain at least one entry that is also contained in the currently selected groups). Click Settings and activate the option to highlight overlapping groups. Then select a group that overlaps with other groups. The other groups should be highlighted.

Types of groups

In JabRef there are four different types of groups:

1. The group All Entries, which -- as the name suggests -- contains all entries, is always present and cannot be edited or removed.

2. Static groups behave like directories on disk and contain only those entries that you explicitly assign to them.

3. Dynamic groups based on keyword search contain entries in which a certain BibTeX field (e.g. keywords) contains a certain keyword (e.g.

Every group that you create is of one of the last three types. The group editing dialog, which is invoked by double-clicking on a group, shows a short description of the selected/edited group in plain English.

Groups structure, creating and removing groups

Just like directories, groups are structured like a tree, with the group All Entries at the root. By right-clicking on a group you can add a new group to the tree, either at the same level as the selected group or as a subgroup of it. The New Group button lets you create a new subgroup of the group All Entries, regardless of the currently selected group(s). The context menu also allows to remove groups and/or subgroups, to sort subgroups alphabetically, or to move groups to a different location in the tree. The latter can also be done by Drag and Drop, with the restriction that Drag and Drop does not support changing the order of a group's subgroups.

Undo and redo is supported for all edits.

Group name

Defines the name of the group, as displayed in the group panel.

Description of the group

A description of the group, to help you remember what it is about. Hovering the mouse over the group name displays this description.

Icon and color

An icon can be displayed in front of the group name. Choose your favorite icon among the ones available at , and enter its name of the field Icon. The color of the icon can be set in to the field Color.

Type of group

Remark: outdated: The new interface (JabRef 5.0) displays a list of 5 choices under "Collect by".

Static groups

Static groups are populated only by explicit manual assignment of entries. After creating a static group you select the entries to be assigned to it, and use either Drag and Drop or the main table's context menu to perform the assignment. To remove entries from a static group, select them and use the main table's context menu. There are no options to be configured.

This method of grouping requires that all entries have a unique BibTeX key. In case of missing or duplicate BibTeX keys, the assignment of the affected entries cannot be correctly restored in future sessions.

Dynamic groups

The content of a dynamic group is defined by a logical condition. Only entries that meet this condition are contained in the group. This method uses the information stored in the database itself, and updates dynamically whenever the database changes.

Two types of conditions can be used:

Searching a field for a keyword This method groups entries in which a specified BibTeX field (e.g. keywords) contains a specified search term (e.g. electrical). Obviously, for this to work, the grouping field must be present in every entry, and its content must be accurate. The above example would group all entries referring to something electrical. Using the field author allows to group entries by a certain author, etc. The search can either be done as a plain-text or a regular expression search. In the former case, JabRef allows to manually assign/remove entries to/from the group by simply appending/removing the search term to/from the content of the grouping field. This makes sense only for the keywords field or for self-defined fields, but obviously not for fields like author or year.

Using a free-form search expression This is similar to the above, but rather than search a single field for a single search term, the can be used, which supports logical operators (AND, OR, NOT) and allows to search multiple BibTeX fields. For example, the search expression keywords=regression and not keywords=linear groups entries concerned with non-linear regression.

In the groups view, dynamic groups are shown in italics by default. This can be turned off in the preferences (Options → Preferences → Groups, box "Show dynamic groups in italics").

Hierarchical context

By default, a group is independent of its position in the groups tree: When selected, only the group's contents are shown. However, especially when using dynamic groups, it is often useful to define a subgroup that refines its supergroup, i.e., when selected, entries contained in both groups are displayed. For example, create a supergroup containing entries with the keyword distribution and a subgroup containing entries with the keyword gauss that refines this supergroup. Selecting the subgroup now displays entries that match both conditions, i.e. are concerned with Gaussian distributions. Note that items that only belong to the subgroup gauss will not be shown, i.e. for an item to be displayed when selecting gauss it is necessary to be assigned to both the subgroup gauss and the supergroup distribution. By adding another refining subgroup for laplace to the original supergroup, the grouping can easily be extended. In the groups tree, refining groups have a special icon (this can be turned off in the preferences).

The logical complement to a refining group is a group that includes its subgroups, i.e. when selected, not only the group's own entries, but also its subgroups' entries are shown. In the groups tree, this type of group has a special icon (this can be turned off in the preferences).

In other words, this defines which entries are displayed when this group is selected:

• independant. Displays only this group's entries.

• intersection. Displays entries contained in both this group and its supergroup.

• union. Displays entries contained in this group or its subgroups.

Viewing a group's entries, combining multiple groups

Selecting a group shows the entries contained in that group by highlighting them and, depending on the settings (accessible by clicking the Settings button), moving them to the top of the list and/or selecting them. These options are identical to those available for the regular search.

When multiple groups are selected, either the union or the intersection of their content is shown, depending on the current settings. This allows to quickly combine multiple conditions, e.g. if you have a static group Extremely Important to which you assign all extremely important entries, you can view the extremely important entries in any other group by selecting both groups (this requires to have Intersection selected in the settings).

Groups and searching

When viewing the contents of the selected group(s), a search can be performed within these contents using the regular search facility.

Highlighting overlapping groups

The Settings button offers an option to highlight overlapping groups. If this is activated, upon selection of one or more groups, all groups that contain at least one of the entries contained in the currently selected group(s) are highlighted. This quickly identifies overlap between the groups' contents. You might, for example, create a group To Read that contains all entries which you plan to read. Now, whenever you select any group, the group To Read is highlighted if the selected group contains entries that you plan to read.

New entries assigned to selected groups

The Settings button offers also an option to automatically assign new entries to selected groups. If this is activated, upon selection of one or more groups, all the new entries created will be assigned to the selected groups. This work both for entries created from menu button or entries pasted from clipboard. This option can also be enabled/disabled from the menu "option > preferences > group".

Advanced features

After mastering the grouping concepts described above, the following advanced features might come in handy.

Automatically creating dynamic groups

By clicking the Automatically create groups for database button, you can quickly create a set of groups appropriate for your database. This feature will gather all words found in a specific field of your choice, and create a group for each word. This is useful for instance if your database contains suitable keywords for all entries. By autogenerating groups based on the keywords field, you should have a basic set of groups at no cost.

You can also specify characters to ignore, for instance commas used between keywords. These will be treated as separators between words, and not part of them. This step is important for combined keywords such as laplace distribution to be recognized as a single semantic unit. (You cannot use this option to remove complete words. Instead, delete the unwanted groups manually after they were created automatically.)

Refreshing the groups view

The Refresh button updates the entry table to reflect the current groups selection. This is usually done automatically, but in rare occasions (e.g. after a group-related undo/redo) a manual refresh is required.

Mixing refining groups with including groups

If a refining group is a subgroup of a group that includes its subgroups -- the refining group's siblings --, these siblings are ignored when the refining group is selected.

Firefox - Chrome - Edge - Vivaldi

JabRef has an official browser extension. It automatically identifies and extracts bibliographic information on websites and sends them to JabRef with one click.

When you find an interesting article through Google Scholar, the arXiv or journal websites, this browser extension allows you to add those references to JabRef. Even links to accompanying PDFs are sent to JabRef, where those documents can easily be downloaded, renamed and placed in the correct folder. A wide range of publisher sites, library catalogs and databases are supported.

Installation and Configuration

Normally, you simply install the extension from the browser store and are ready to go.

- - -

Sometimes, a manual installation is necessary (e.g. if you use the portable version of JabRef). In this case, please take the following steps:

Windows

1. Make sure you have at least installed.

2. Install the JabRef browser extension: , ,

3. On Windows 7, please .

Linux

Deb, RPM or Portable

1. Download and install the Debian package of

2. Install the JabRef browser extension: , ,

3. Download and put it into

Snap

1. Install the snap package of

2. Install the JabRef browser extension: , ,

3. Connect the appropriate plug for the selected browser:

Mac OS

1. Download and install the DMG package of .

2. Install the JabRef browser extension: , ,

3. Download and put it into

Usage

After the installation, you should be able to import bibliographic references into JabRef directly from your browser. Just visit a publisher site or some other website containing bibliographic information (for example, ) and click the JabRef symbol in the Firefox search bar (or press Alt+Shift+J). Once the JabRef browser extension has extracted the references and downloaded the associated PDF's, the import window of JabRef opens.

You might want to configure JabRef so that new entries are always imported in an already opened instance of JabRef. For this, activate "Remote operation" under the Advanced tab in the JabRef Preferences.

JabRef allows you to define and use your own importers, in very much the same way as the standard import filters are defined. An import filter is defined by one or more Java classes, which parse the contents of a file from an input stream and create BibTex entries. So with some basic Java programming you can add an importer for your favorite source of references or register a new, improved version of an existing importer. Also, this allows you to add compiled custom importers that you might have obtained e.g. from GitHub without rebuilding JabRef (see "Sharing your work" below).

Custom importers take precedence over standard importers. This way, you can override existing importers for the Autodetect and Command Line features of JabRef. Custom importers are ordered by name.

Adding a custom import filter

Make sure, you have a compiled custom import filter (one or more .class files as described below) and the class files are in a directory structure according to their package structure. To add a new custom import filter, open the dialog box Options → Manage custom imports, and click Add from folder. A file chooser will appear, allowing you to select the classpath of your importer, i.e. the directory where the top folder of the package structure of your importer resides. In a second file chooser you select your importer class file, which must be derived from ImportFormat. By clicking Select new ImportFormat Subclass, your new importer will appear in the list of custom import filters. All custom importers will appear in the File → Import → Custom Importers and File → Import and Append → Custom Importers submenus of the JabRef window.

Please note that if you move the class to another directory you will have to remove and re-add the importer. If you add a custom importer under a name that already exists, the existing importer will be replaced. Although in some cases it is possible to update an existing custom importer without restarting JabRef (when the importer is not on the classpath), we recommend restarting JabRef after updating an custom-importer. You can also register importers contained in a ZIP- or JAR-file, simply select the Zip- or Jar-archive, then the entry (class-file) that represents the new importer.

Creating an import filter

For examples and some helpful files on how to build your own importer, please check our download page.

A simple example

Let us assume that we want to import files of the following form:

In your favorite IDE or text editor create a class derived from ImportFormat that implements methods getFormatName(), isRecognizedFormat and importEntries(). Here is an example:

Note that the example is in the default package. Suppose you have saved it under /mypath/SimpleCSVImporter.java. Also suppose the JabRef-2.0.jar is in the same folder as SimpleCSVImporter.java and Java is on your command path. Compile it using a JSDK 1.4 e.g. with

Now there should be a file /mypath/SimpleCSVImporter.class.

In JabRef, open Options → Manage custom imports, and click Add from folder. Navigate to /mypath and click the Select ... button. Select the SimpleCSVImporter.class and click the Select ... button. Your importer should now appear in the list of custom importers under the name "Simple CSV Importer" and, after you click Close also in the File → Import → Custom Importers and File → Import and Append → Custom Importers submenus of the JabRef window.

Sharing your work

With custom importer files, it's fairly simple to share custom import formats between users. If you write an import filter for a format not supported by JabRef, or an improvement over an existing one, we encourage you to post your work on our GitHub page. We'd be happy to distribute a collection of submitted import files, or to add to the selection of standard importers.

JabRef supports the MS Office Bibliography XML format for exporting and importing.

• Howto: Export to Microsoft Word

• Howto: Import from Microsoft Word

Howto: Export to Microsoft Word

As you are using JabRef already, you can simply use the builtin export functionality for Office 2007 xml format, that is the format where Microsoft stores it bibliography information.

1. Export (selected) entries in JabRef and choose Office 2007 xml format

2. Open Word, click on the References Tab

3. Click on Manage sources -> Browse -> Open the exported XML File (or better copy it directly to the location under browse)

The only problem in the export could be when you have a "company" as author. That is simply exported as author and not in the company field.

More discussion at .

Howto: Import from Microsoft Word

See

Entry Type Mappings

Some field names in the XML format differ from the field names in the BibTeX/BibLaTeX format and can therefore be not directly mapped between the formats. Therefore this help file provides a list of all field mappings.

Field mappings

The field mapping for import and export is mostly the same, but there are some differences, as not all field exists in both formats. Additionally, some fields have to be treated differently during import/export.

BibTeX/BibLaTeX only fields

The following fields are BibTeX/BibLaTex only fields, they have no representation in office XML. In the resulting XML file they are represented with the prefix BIBTEX_

The XML field SourceType contains the associated entry type from the first table, while the original BibTeX/BibLaTex entrytype is preserved in the field BIBTEX_ENTRY.

MS-Bib only fields

The following fields are XML-only fields, they have no BibTeX/BibLaTex representation: In the resulting bib database they are represented with the prefix msbib-.

Special Export treatment

The following fields are treated as follows during export:

Special Import treatment

The following fields are treated as follows during import:

Import inspection window

Purpose

When you import new entries from a supported reference format, or fetch entries directly from the Internet, the inspection window allows you to select the entries you want to keep, to , and to perform some simple operations like generating BibTeX keys for the entries, or adding them to . If you are importing into an existing database, it is often easier to perform these operations before they are mixed in between the entries of your database.

The inspection window

Entries are first shown in the inspection window. Note that, if this takes too long (for example), you can click on the button Stop at the bottom of the window.

Once the entries displayed in the inspection window, none of them have been added to one of your databases yet.

By default, all the entries are selected for importation, as shown by the checked boxes in the Keep column. You can select/unselect an entry by clicking on these check boxes. On the left panel, buttons allow you to Select all the entries for importation, or to Deselect all the entries.

A left click on an entry (out of the check box and icons) let you choose it. It displays an preview of the entry below the entry table. As usual, you can choose several entries by using the Shift or the Ctrl keys. Then, pushing the button Delete on the left panel will remove the chosen entries from the table.

A right click on an entry displays a drop-down menu which allows you to:

• delete the entry

• add the entry to a group

• link a local file to the entry

Duplicated entries

Potential duplicates are pointed out by an icon in the second column. A click on this icon allows you to . A button on the left panel allows you to Deselect all duplicates (without inspection).

BibTeX key generation

On the left panel, if the box Generate keys is checked, keys will be automatically generated on import. You can also choose to generate the keys now by clicking on the button Generate now.

Importation into the database

Once you are done with the entry selection, you can add these entries to your database by clicking on OK at the bottom of the window. Alternatively, you can Cancel the import.

Entries can be created from a reference text.

In case you have a reference string, JabRef offers the functionality to convert the text to BibTeX. Thereby, JabRef uses the technology offered by Grobid.

Example:

O. Kopp, A. Armbruster, und O. Zimmermann, "Markdown Architectural Decision Records: Format and Tool Support", in 10th ZEUS Workshop, 2018.

1. Click Library and select "New entry from plain text..." Alternatively, you can press Ctrl+Shift+N.

2. The "Plain Reference Parser" window opens

3. Paste the reference text:

4. Click "Add to current library"

5. The result is selected in the entry table:

JabRef 4.x

JabRef thereby used the service offered by . This servce was shut down in 2019. The following explanations are only for historical interest.

1. Click BibTeX and select "New entry from plain text..." Alternatively, you can press Ctrl+Shift+N.

2. Select an entry type. Select "InProceedings", this works in the most cases

Manual way

After step 4 from above, you can manually assign the types to each text.

• Select the text

• Double click on the type at the right side at "Available BibTeX fields"

After you finished, you can press "Accept".

JabRef allows you to define and use your own export filters, in the same way as the standard export filters are defined. An export filter is defined by one or more layout files, which with the help of a collection of built-in formatter routines specify the format of the exported files. Your layout files must be prepared in a text editor outside of JabRef.

The custom export format of JabRef is an alternative to the Citation Style Language, which is an XML-based format to describe bibliographic rendering.

Existing public files are collected at https://layouts.jabref.org.

Adding a custom export filter

The only requirement for a valid export filter is the existence of a file with the extension .layout. To add a new custom export filter, open the dialog box Options → Manage custom exports, and click Add new. A new dialog box will appear, allowing you to specify a name for the export filter (which will appear as one of the choices in the File type dropdown menu of the file dialog when you use the File → Export menu choice in the JabRef window), the path to the .layout file, and the preferred file extension for the export filter (which will be the suggested extension in the file dialog when you use the export filter). Note that if you intend to use the custom export filter also for "Copy...->Export to Clipboard" in the maintable, the extension must be one of the following: txt, rtf, rdf, xml, html, htm, csv, or ris

Creating the export filter

To see examples of how export filters are made, look for the package containing the layout files for the standard export filters on our download page.

Regarding tool support, there is the to quickly create export filters.

Layout files

Let us assume that we are creating an HTML export filter. While the export filter only needs to consist of a single .layout file, which in this case could be called html.layout, you may also want to add two files called html.begin.layout and html.end.layout. The former contains the header part of the output, and the latter the footer part. JabRef will look for these two files whenever the export filter is used, and if found, either of these will be copied verbatim to the output before or after the individual entries are written.

Note that these files must reside in the same directory as html.layout, and must be named by inserting .begin and .end, respectively. In our example export filter, these could look like the following:

html.begin.layout: <!DOCTYPE html><html> <body style="color:#275856; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">

html.end.layout: </body></html>

The file html.layout provides the default template for exporting one single entry. If you want to use different templates for different entry types, you can do this by adding entry-specific .layout files. These must also reside in the same directory as the main layout file, and are named by inserting .entrytype into the name of the main layout file. The entry type name must be in all lowercase. In our example, we might want to add a template for book entries, and this would go into the file html.book.layout. For a PhD thesis we would add the file html.phdthesis.layout, and so on. These files are similar to the default layout file, except that they will only be used for entries of the matching type. Note that the default file can easily be made general enough to cover most entry types in most export filters.

The layout file format

Layout files are created using a simple markup format where commands are identified by a preceding backslash. All text not identified as part of a command will be copied verbatim to the output file.

Field commands

An arbitrary word preceded by a backslash, e.g. \author, \editor, \title or \year, will be interpreted as a reference to the corresponding field, which will be copied directly to the output.

Field formatters

Often there will be a need for some preprocessing of the field contents before output. This is done using a field formatter - a java class containing a single method that manipulates the contents of a field.

A formatter is used by inserting the \format command followed by the formatter name in square braces, and the field command in curly braces, e.g.:

\format[ToLowerCase]{\author}

You can also specify multiple formatters separated by commas. These will be called sequentially, from left to right, e.g.

\format[ToLowerCase,HTMLChars]{\author}

will cause the formatter ToLowerCase to be called first, and then HTMLChars will be called to format the result. You can list an arbitrary number of formatters in this way.

The argument to the formatters, withing the curly braces, does not have to be a field command. Instead, you can insert normal text, which will then be passed to the formatters instead of the contents of any field. This can be useful for some fomatters, e.g. the CurrentDate formatter (described below).

Some formatters take an extra argument, given in parentheses immediately after the formatter name. The argument can be enclosed in quotes, which is necessary if it includes the parenthesis characters. For instance, \format[Replace("\s,_")]{\journal} calls the Replace formatter with the argument \s,_ (which results in the "journal" field after replacing all whitespace by underscores).

See below for a list of built-in export formatters.

Conditional output

Some static output might only make sense if a specific field is set. For instance, say we want to follow the editor names with the text (Ed.). This can be done with the following text:

\format[HTMLChars,AuthorFirstFirst]{\editor} (Ed.)

However, if the editor field has not been set - it might not even make sense for the entry being exported - the (Ed.) would be left hanging. This can be prevented by instead using the \begin and \end commands:

\begin{editor} \format[HTMLChars,AuthorFirstFirst]{\editor} (Ed.) \end{editor}

The \begin and \end commands make sure the text in between is printed if and only if the field referred in the curly braces is defined for the entry being exported.

A conditional block can also be dependent on more than one field, and the content is only printed when simple boolean conditions are satisfied. Three boolean operators are provided:

• AND operator : &, &&

• OR operator : |, ||

For example, to output text only if both year and month are set, use a block like the following: \begin{year&&month}Month: \format[HTMLChars]{\month}\end{year&&month} which will print "Month: " plus the contents of the month field, but only if also the year field is defined.

As an example for the usage of the NOT operator, consider the following: \begin{!year}\format[HTMLChars]{(no year)}\end{!year} Here, "no year" is printed as output text if no year field is defined.

Note: Use of the \begin and \end commands is a key to creating layout files that work well with a variety of entry types.

Grouped output

If you wish to separate your entries into groups based on a certain field, use the grouped output commands. Grouped output is very similar to conditional output, except that the text in between is printed only if the field referred in the curly braces has changed value.

For example, let's assume I wish to group by keyword. Before exporting the file, make sure you have sorted your entries based on keyword. Now use the following commands to group by keyword:

\begingroup{keywords}New Category: \format[HTMLChars]{\keywords} \endgroup{keywords}

Built-in export formatters

JabRef provides the following set of formatters:

• Authors : this formatter provides formatting options for the author and editor fields; for detailed information, see below. It deprecates a range of dedicated formatters provided in versions of JabRef prior to 2.7.

• CreateBibORDFAuthors : formats authors for according to the requirements of the Bibliographic Ontology (bibo).

The Authors formatter

To accommodate for the numerous citation styles, the Authors formatter allows flexible control over the layout of the author list. The formatter takes a comma-separated list of options, by which the default values can be overridden. The following option/value pairs are currently available, where the default values are given in curly brackets.

AuthorSort = [ {FirstFirst} | LastFirst | LastFirstFirstFirst ] specifies the order in which the author names are formatted.

• FirstFirst : first names are followed by the surname.

• LastFirst : the authors' surnames are followed by their first names, separated by a comma.

• LastFirstFirstFirst

AuthorAbbr = [ FullName | LastName | {Initials} | InitialsNoSpace | FirstInitial | MiddleInitial ] specifies how the author names are abbreviated.

• FullName : shows full author names; first names are not abbreviated.

• LastName : show only surnames, first names are removed.

• Initials

AuthorPunc = [ {FullPunc} | NoPunc | NoComma | NoPeriod ] specifies the punctuation used in the author list when AuthorAbbr is used

• FullPunc : no changes are made to punctuation.

• NoPunc : all full stops and commas are removed from the author name.

• NoComma

AuthorSep = [ {Comma} | And | Colon | Semicolon | Sep=<string> ] specifies the separator to be used between authors. Any separator can be specified, with the Sep=<string> option. Note that appropriate spaces need to be added around string.

AuthorLastSep = [ Comma | {And} | Colon | Semicolon | Amp | Oxford | LastSep=<string> ] specifies the last separator in the author list. Any separator can be specified, with the LastSep=<string> option. Note that appropriate spaces need to be added around string.

AuthorNumber = [ {inf} | <integer> ] specifies the number of authors that are printed. If the number of authors exceeds the maximum specified, the authorlist is replaced by the first author (or any number specified by AuthorNumberEtAl), followed by EtAlString.

AuthorNumberEtAl = [ {1} | <integer> ] specifies the number of authors that are printed if the total number of authors exceeds AuthorNumber. This argument can only be given after AuthorNumber has already been given.

EtAlString = [ { et al.} | EtAl=<string> ] specifies the string used to replace multiple authors. Any string can be given, using EtAl=<string>

If an option is unspecified, the default value (shown in curly brackets above) is used. Therefore, only layout options that differ from the defaults need to be specified. The order in which the options are defined is (mostly) irrelevant. So, for example,

\format[Authors(Initials,Oxford)]{\author}

is equivalent to

\format[Authors(Oxford,Initials)]{\author}

As mentioned, the order in which the options are specified is irrelevant. There is one possibility for ambiguity, and that is if both AuthorSep and AuthorLastSep are given. In that case, the first applicable value encountered would be for AuthorSep, and the second for AuthorLastSep. It is good practise to specify both when changing the default, to avoid ambiguity.

Examples

Given the following authors, "Joe James Doe and Mary Jane and Bruce Bar and Arthur Kay" ,the Authors formatter will give the following results:

Authors(), or equivalently, Authors(FirstFirst,Initials,FullPunc,Comma,And,inf,EtAl= et al.) J. J. Doe, M. Jane, B. Bar and A. Kay

Authors(LastFirstFirstFirst,MiddleInitial,Semicolon) Doe, Joe J.; Mary Jane; Bruce Bar and Arthur Kay

Authors(LastFirst,InitialsNoSpace,NoPunc,Oxford) Doe JJ, Jane M, Bar B, and Kay A

Authors(2,EtAl= and others) J. J. Doe and others

Most commonly available citation formats should be possible with this formatter. For even more advanced options, consider using the Custom Formatters detailed below.

The WrapFileLinks formatter

This formatter iterates over all file links, or all file links of a specified type, outputting a format string given as the first argument. The format string can contain a number of escape sequences indicating file link information to be inserted into the string.

This formatter can take an optional second argument specifying the name of a file type. If specified, the iteration will only include those files with a file type matching the given name (case-insensitively). If specified as an empty argument, all file links will be included.

After the second argument, pairs of additional arguments can be added in order to specify regular expression replacements to be done upon the inserted link information before insertion into the output string. A non-paired argument will be ignored. In order to specify replacements without filtering on file types, use an empty second argument.

The escape sequences for embedding information are as follows:

• \i : This inserts the iteration index (starting from 1), and can be useful if the output list of files should be enumerated.

• \p : This inserts the file path of the file link.

• \f

For instance, an entry could contain a file link to the file "/home/john/report.pdf" of the "PDF" type with description "John's final report". Using the WrapFileLinks formatter with the following argument:

\format[WrapFileLinks(\i. \d (\p))]{\file}

would give the following output:

1. John's final report (/home/john/report.pdf)

If the entry contained a second file link to the file "/home/john/draft.txt" of the "Text file" type with description 'An early "draft"', the output would be as follows:

1. John's final report (/home/john/report.pdf)

2. An early "draft" (/home/john/draft.txt)

If the formatter was called with a second argument, the list would be filtered. For instance:

\format[WrapFileLinks(\i. \d (\p),,text file)]{\file}

would show only the text file:

1. An early "draft" (/home/john/draft.txt)

If we wanted this output to be part of an XML styled output, the quotes in the file description could cause problems. Adding two additional arguments to translate the quotes into XML characters solves this:

\format[WrapFileLinks(\i. \d (\p),,text file,",")]{\file}

would give the following output:

1. An early "draft" (/home/john/draft.txt)

Additional pairs of replacements could be added.

Custom formatters

If none of the available formatters can do what you want to achieve, you can add your own by implementing the net.sf.jabref.export.layout.LayoutFormatter interface. If you insert your class into the net.sf.jabref.export.layout.format package, you can call the formatter by its class name only, like with the standard formatters. Otherwise, you must call the formatter by its fully qualified name (including package name). In any case, the formatter must be in your classpath when running JabRef.

Using Custom Name Formatters

From JabRef 2.2, it is possible to define custom name formatters using the BibTeX-sty-file syntax. This allows ultimate flexibility, but is a cumbersome to write

You can define your own formatter in the preference tab "Name Formatter" using the following format and then use it with the name given to it as any other formatter

<case1>@<range11>@<format>@<range12>@<format>@<range13>...@@ <case2>@<range21>@... and so on.

This format first splits the task to format a list of author into cases depending on how many authors there are (this is since some formats differ depending on how many authors there are). Each individual case is separated by @@ and contains instructions on how to format each author in the case. These instructions are separated by a @.

Cases are identified using integers (1, 2, 3, etc.) or the character * (matches any number of authors) and will tell the formatter to apply the following instructions if there are a number of less or equal of authors given.

Ranges are either <integer>..<integer>, <integer> or the character * using a 1 based index for indexing authors from the given list of authors. Integer indexes can be negative to denote them to start from the end of the list where -1 is the last author.

For instance with an authorlist of "Joe Doe and Mary Jane and Bruce Bar and Arthur Kay":

• 1..3 will affect Joe, Mary and Bruce

• 4..4 will affect Arthur

• * will affect all of them

The <format>-strings use the BibTeX formatter format:

The four letters v, f, l, j indicate the name parts von, first, last, jr which are used within curly braces. A single letter v, f, l, j indicates that the name should be abbreviated. If one of these letters or letter pairs is encountered JabRef will output all the respective names (possibly abbreviated), but the whole expression in curly braces is only printed if the name part exists.

For instance if the format is "{ll} {vv {von Part}} {ff}" and the names are "Mary Kay and John von Neumann", then JabRef will output "Kay Mary" (with two space between last and first) and "Neuman von von Part John".

I give two examples but would rather point you to the BibTeX documentation.

Small example: "{ll}, {f.}" will turn "Joe Doe" into "Doe, J."

Large example:

To turn:

"Joe Doe and Mary Jane and Bruce Bar and Arthur Kay"

into

"Doe, J., Jane, M., Bar, B. and Kay, A."

you would use

1@*@{ll}, {f}.@@2@1@{ll}, {f}.@2@ and {ll}, {f}.@@*@1..-3@{ll}, {f}., @-2@{ll}, {f}.@-1@ and {ll}, {f}.

Export from JabRef

JabRef can export databases to EndNote-readable files. To use this feature, choose File → Export, choose the file type Endnote (txt) and then specify the name of the export file.

Import to EndNote

The default EndNote Import filter does not handle multiple authors or editors properly. There are two options to work around this:

1. Use the built-in filter and fix the file later. To open up the file in EndNote, create a new database or open an old database in EndNote. Then select File → Import, click on Choose File, then highlight the exported file and click Choose. Click on Import Options and select EndNote Import. Click Import to start the import. After import, select Edit→ Change Text. Change Any Field to Author. Enter " and " into the search field (without quotes). enter a return character into the change field (Option + Enter on Mac OS X, Ctrl + Enter on Windows XP). Click Change. Repeat with the Secondary Author field.

2. Install the EndNote Import from JabRef filter in the EndNote Extras

Notes

The EndNote Export filter maps BibTeX entrytypes to EndNote reference types as follows:

Corporate Authors

By default, the export filter assumes that entries in the author or editor fields in brackets are corporate authors and replaces the brackets with a trailing comma. However, this means that entries that include LaTeX code in brackets will be assumed to be corporate authors and therefore will be improperly formatted.

Advanced Use: EndNote Extras

For better interoperability between EndNote and JabRef, download the EndNote filter set from the Resources page of JabRef's web page.

JabRef supports the MS Office Bibliography XML format for exporting and importing.

• Howto: Export to Microsoft Word

• Howto: Import from Microsoft Word

Howto: Export to Microsoft Word

As you are using JabRef already, you can simply use the builtin export functionality for Office 2007 xml format, that is the format where Microsoft stores it bibliography information.

1. Export (selected) entries in JabRef and choose Office 2007 xml format

2. Open Word, click on the References Tab

3. Click on Manage sources -> Browse -> Open the exported XML File (or better copy it directly to the location under browse)

The only problem in the export could be when you have a "company" as author. That is simply exported as author and not in the company field.

More discussion at .

Howto: Import from Microsoft Word

See

Entry Type Mappings

Some field names in the XML format differ from the field names in the BibTeX/BibLaTeX format and can therefore be not directly mapped between the formats. Therefore this help file provides a list of all field mappings.

Field mappings

The field mapping for import and export is mostly the same, but there are some differences, as not all field exists in both formats. Additionally, some fields have to be treated differently during import/export.

BibTeX/BibLaTeX only fields

The following fields are BibTeX/BibLaTex only fields, they have no representation in office XML. In the resulting XML file they are represented with the prefix BIBTEX_

The XML field SourceType contains the associated entry type from the first table, while the original BibTeX/BibLaTex entrytype is preserved in the field BIBTEX_ENTRY.

MS-Bib only fields

The following fields are XML-only fields, they have no BibTeX/BibLaTex representation: In the resulting bib database they are represented with the prefix msbib-.

Special Export treatment

The following fields are treated as follows during export:

Special Import treatment

The following fields are treated as follows during import:

This tool allows you to search for citations in LaTeX files.

In the user interface, a tab was added to the entry editor, the aesthetics have been improved, and the tool was renamed to Search for Citations in LaTeX files.

Overview

A new tab was added to the entry editor. It allows to search for citations to the active entry in the LaTeX file directory. It can be configured in the Library properties dialog.

See the image below to see how it works:

Key Features

The new tab

• A LaTeX Citations tab has been added to the entry editor.

• This tab can be disabled in the Entry editor preferences.

• A progress indicator appears while parsing.

A custom user interface controller for listing citations

• The citations list view is the same for dialog tool and tab.

• The context of citations is shown instead of the whole line of text (which is shown as a tooltip).

• Absolute file path has been changed into a relative one, from the search path.

JabRef allows you to push any entries in your main window to an external editor through the push-to-external application feature. You would need to first select the entries in your entry table that you would like to export before using the feature. Once you have done so, go to the tools submenu and click on the push-to-external application button to the left of the Generate BibTeX keys button. By default the external editor used to push exports is TeXStudio.

On MacOS:

On Windows:

JabRef also allows you to change the external editor application you would like to push your exports to. To do so, first go to Options → Preferences → External programs. Under the Push applications section click on the Application to push entries to field. This will cause a dropdown menu to appear, from which you are then able to select from a list of all the external editors you have configured.

Once you have made your selection and click Save, the push-to-external application button icon will change to match that of the selected external editor application.

When you click on the push-to-external application button, JabRef will export your selected entries to an open LaTeX file in the selected external editor application. As an example, here is what happens when you export one entry to TexStudio.

As long as you continue using the same external editor application, clicking on the push-to-external application button for subsequent exports will just add new citations or extend an existing citation with additional entries. Following from the example above, here is what happens when you export a second entry to TeXStudio on an existing citation, which is extended to include the new entry in your LaTeX document.

XMP is a standard created by Adobe Systems for storing metadata (data about data) in files. An well known example for metadata are MP3 tags, which can be used to describe artist, album and song name of a MP3 file. Adding metadata to MP3 helps other people to identify the songs correctly independent of file-name and can provide means for software (MP3 players for instance) to sort and group songs.

With XMP-support the JabRef team tries to bring the advantages of metadata to the world of reference managers. You can now choose to "Write XMP" metadata in the General Tab of JabRef, which will put all the BibTeX information into the PDF. If you then email this PDF to a colleague she can just drag the file into JabRef and all information that you entered will be available to her.

Usage

To use the XMP-feature in JabRef you can do the following:

• To import a single annotated PDF-file that contains XMP you can select "File → Import into... → XMP-annotated PDF" or drag the file into the main view.

• To write the bibliographic information to the associated PDF do the following: Double click the entry in the main view, go to the "General" tab and click on "Write XMP".

• If you want to annotate all the PDFs in a given database you can select "Tools → Write XMP for database"

BibTeXmp Fileformat

XMP uses a subset of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) to store data. For JabRef a new metadata format is used which maps very closely to BibTeX. Basically all fields and values are turned into nodes of an XML document. Only authors and editors are stored as rdf:Seq-structures, so users of the data can skip the splitting on 'and's. All strings and crossrefs will be resolved in the data.

The following easy minimal schema is used:

• The BibTeX-key is stored as bibtexkey.

• The type of the BibTeX-entry is stored as entrytype.

• author

The following is an example of the mapping

will be transformed into

Beware of the following caveats if you trying to parse BibTeXMP:

• In RDF attribute-value pairs can also be expressed as nodes and vice versa.

Related Links

Some links about XMP and annotating PDFs

The Medline (txt) format can be used by a simple text document. Here, you have to write the field names at the beginning of each line. The Medline (xml) format is a XML document. The field name has to be written between < and >. For further information visit https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/licensee/elements_descriptions.html. Medline (txt) and Medline (XML) always take the type "article". RIS works similar to Medline (txt) with the difference that different fields are supported and the file extension is "ris".

In other sources, you might encounter "MedlinePlain" as synonym for "Medline (txt)" and "Medline" as synonym for "Medline (xml)".

Table with fields

JabRef is able to support collaborative work using a shared SQL database. This feature is available since JabRef 3.6.

Usage

To use this feature you have to connect to a remote database. To do so you have to open File in the menu bar and then click the Connect to shared database item. The Connect to shared database dialog will open and you will have to fill in the shared's database connection settings. Under the field Database type you can choose between PostgreSQL (at least version 9.1), MySQL (at least 5.5, not recommended, because there is no live synchronization), and Oracle depending on your shared database. Then, you have to fill out the remaining fields with the according information. If you like you can save your password by clicking the Remember password? checkbox.

SSL configuration

Since version 5.0 JabRef supports secure SSL connection to the database. For PostgreSQL make sure the server supports SSL and you have correctly setup the . Then into a java readable format and import them into a (custom) keystore. For MySQL the procedure is similar. and for the java keystore. However, it has only been tested with PostgreSQL. Once the certificates are imported into the keystore, specify the path to the keystore file in the connection dialog and the password for accessing the keystore.

After connecting to your shared database, your main window should look like this:

JabRef will automatically detect your changes and push them to the shared side. JabRef will also constantly check if there is a newer version available. If you experience connection issues, you can pull changes from your shared database via the icon in the icon bar. If a newer version is available, JabRef will try to automatically merge the new version and your local copy. If this fails, the Update refused dialog will show up. You will then have to manually merge using the Update refused dialog. The dialog helps you by pointing out the differences, you then will have to choose if you want to keep your local version or update to the shared version. Confirm your merge by clicking on Merge entries.

The Update refused dialog can also take a different form, if the BibEntry you currently work on has been deleted on the shared side. You can choose to keep the BibEntry in the database by clicking Keep or update to the shared side and click Close.

If you experience a problem with your connection to your shared database, the Connection lost dialog will show up. You can choose to Reconnect, Work offline or Close database. Most of the time simply reconnecting will fix this problem, if that's not the case you will have to choose between Work offline or Close database. Pick Work offline if you want to make sure your changes are saved. If you think there is nothing to save just pick Close database. If you choose to work offline, JabRef will convert the shared database to a local .bib database. Since you are no longer working online, but instead on a local database, you will have to import your work via copy and paste into the shared database. However before you import it into the shared database, make sure to check if changes happened during your offline time. Otherwise you might override someone else's work.

Try it out

You can test the shared SQL database support by using for MySQL (not recommended) and for PostgreSQL (recommended).

Context

This situation occurs when you try to open an SQL database which was created with JabRef version older than 3.6.

With release of JabRef 3.6 the SQL database structure has changed. So all SQL databases with an pre-3.6 structure are no longer supported.

Migration

To migrate your pre-3.6 SQL database into new shared SQL database you have to follow these steps:

• Download and install

• Open JabRef and goto File -> Import from external SQL database

• Enter required data and click on Connect

After that the content is available as a shared SQL database and you can work live on it. .

The pattern used in the auto generation of BibTeX labels can be set for each of the standard entry types in Options → Preferences, tab BibTeX key generator. Additionally, if you right click the tab of a database, the menu BibTeX key patterns allows to set specific key patterns for this database.

Key patterns

The key pattern can contain any text you wish, in addition to field markers that indicate that a specific field of the entry should be inserted at that position of the key. A field marker generally consists of the field name enclosed in square braces, e.g. [volume]. If the field is undefined in an entry at the time of key generation, no text will be inserted by the field marker.

Default key pattern

If you have not defined a key pattern for a certain entry type, the Default pattern will be used. You can change the default pattern - its setting is above the list of entry types in the BibTeX key generator section of the Preferences dialog.

The default key pattern is [auth][year], and this could produce keys like e.g. Yared1998 If the key is not unique in the current database, it is made unique by adding one of the letters a-z until a unique key is found. Thus, the labels might look like:

Yared1998 Yared1998a Yared1998b

Special field markers

Several special field markers are offered, which extract only a specific part of a field. Feel free to suggest new special field markers.

Author-related key patterns

• [auth]: The last name of the first author

• [authors]: The last name of all authors

Note: If there is no author (as in the case of an edited book), then all of the above [auth...] markers will use the editor(s) (if any) as a fallback. Thus, the editor(s) of a book with no author will be treated as the author(s) for label-generation purposes. If you do not want this behaviour, i.e. you require a marker which expands to nothing if there is no author, use pureauth instead of auth in the above codes. For example, [pureauth], or [pureauthors3].

Editor-related key patterns

• [edtr]: The last name of the first editor

• [edtrIniN]: The beginning of each editor's last name, using no more than N characters

Title-related key patterns

• [shorttitle]: The first 3 words of the title, ignoring any function words (see below). For example, An awesome paper on JabRef becomes AwesomePaperJabref.

• [veryshorttitle]: The first word of the title, ignoring any function words (see below). For example, An awesome paper on JabRef

JabRef considers the following words to be : "a", "an", "the", "above", "about", "across", "against", "along", "among", "around", "at", "before", "behind", "below", "beneath", "beside", "between", "beyond", "by", "down", "during", "except", "for", "from", "in", "inside", "into", "like", "near", "of", "off", "on", "onto", "since", "to", "toward", "through", "under", "until", "up", "upon", "with", "within", "without", "and", "but", "for", "nor", "or", "so", "yet".